Chris Carter on Whole Animal Butchery, Meat Industry Loopholes, and Why “Pasture-Raised” Is Essential

When you know the story behind something, you enjoy it more, says Chris Carter, the co-founder of Porter Road, an ethical butcher based in Nashville. “It becomes an experience when you know the background." For Carter, a storied chef passionate about local ingredients, the history behind the meats he sells is as important as the product. 

He and his business partner, James Peisker, met while working in the kitchen of one of Nashville's most prominent restaurants. As Carter says, they 'hit it off' and shared the same values for whole foods and ethical farming. Quickly after meeting, they decided to start a catering business together. It took off, but Carter says there was a giant pain point: Finding local meat from animals humanely raised fully on pasture with no antibiotics or hormones was nearly impossible. 

"We would find farmers that were doing things that we consider the right way, and we'd fall in love with them, their families, the way they cared for the land, the way they care for their animals, and the quality of their product, but the only option would be to buy it frozen and often poorly butchered," says Carter. "We just knew there had to be a better way."

That better way resulted in Porter Road, which has gained a wildly popular following due to its kind, ethical, and genuinely sustainable approach to butchery. Nichole sat with Carter to learn more about what makes Carter and Peisker's approach unique from conventional methods. Here are four points from their conversation illuminating what exactly is ethical butchery and what we should be asking about our meat.

#1: The Merits of Whole Animal Butchery 

Most large-scale meat factories employ a type of butchery that requires an assembly-line style that thrives off of underpaid workers and only uses parts of the animal, resulting in often unethical working conditions and wasted meat. Carter and Peisker run a "whole animal butchery," meaning that they buy the entire animal from an ethical farmer, "not just the strips and tenderloins and rib eyes," adds Carter. Whole butchery is done by hand and uses the entire animal, leaving nothing to waste. "It was about supporting that agriculture by buying the whole animal, buying it at a higher price, a premium over the market, and supporting that farmer."

#2: The Multilayers and Misunderstandings of the Conventional Meat Industry 

It's common knowledge that the conventional meat industry is rife with animal mistreatment and runs on the focus to make a profit. But many of us do not know that there are copious layers to the industry, from where the animal is first born to where it gets shipped to be fattened to where it gets slaughtered. According to Carter, most meat animals in the US start in ethical environments, meaning they're raised on pasture and not in confinement. Things change, however, when they reach a yearling weight. "Because farmers don't have a lucrative outlet through which they can sell those animals," Carter says. So, to make money, the farmers must sell the yearlings off into the commodity industry, which is fickle and fluctuates according to the industry demand. From there, the animals get moved around to feedlots and packing houses, where they fall victim to confinement, illness, and abuse.

On the contrary, Carter and Peisker work directly with the farmers so that the animals have an ethical life and don't go from place to place. "We step in before those animals go to a sell barn or brokers at that yearling weight. We step into that operation with that farmer and say, 'Keep these animals on your pasture, raise them naturally, give them this non-GMO feed […] let them grow to a full harvest weight."

#3: Why Pasture-Raised Beef Is Essential

Many meat companies use loopholes and jargon to make their meat seem more ethical than it is. The one modifier Carter says he and Peisker stand by is "pasture-raised." This means that the animals are raised 100 percent on pasture. "Getting the animal a natural habitat in which it lives its life" is important, he continues. Beef marketed as "grass-fed" can still mean the animal lives in confinement but was fed grass. We "chose pasture-raised as the term that we wanted to hang our hat on because there are no loopholes. The animals have access to their natural environment and live there their entire lives. It's not that it's shipped somewhere else and fed a feed that allows you to put a claim on a package."  

#4: When In Doubt, Go Visit the Farm

"We are a meat company that wants you to know how the sausage is made," says Carter. He implores people to call Porter Road or ask any butchery or farmer about their practices. It’s a positive sign when the farmers are transparent, open, and invite you to their farm. "We own a butcher shop where people would come in the door and say, 'How can you charge so much for meat?’ And my answer is the same: How could [others] charge so little?’” says Carter. “It is the price of real food. We are very proud of our processes and very transparent." 

We pulled this wisdom from Nichole's original conversation with Chris Carter on "The PrimaFoodie Podcast." You can listen to their entire conversation here. 

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Local and Conscious Brands: Missoula Edition

Missoula is as much a home to the journalism student as it is to the local farmer, to the artist as it is to the beekeeper, and to the athlete as it is to the entrepreneur. This southwest Montana city of nearly 80,000 is a place where the rugged wilds of the West share space with university professors and modern creatives. Small but mighty, it's a growing metropolis under some of the country's biggest skies. 

Missoula is also a place where local, conscious, health-forward companies are providing some of the best in the nation for organic foods, beverages, and more. Here’s our PrimaFoodie take on a handful of the many offerings to consider in this great town, as well as a few just south in the Bitterroot Valley. Each one is bettering the food system in its own way.

The Good Food Store

All of us on the PrimaFoodie team have been to our share of local markets selling organic produce and foods. Hands down, a store that's won our respect is The Good Food Store. For 50 years, this independent grocery store has been selling Missoulians near and far local organic fruits and vegetables, coffee, tea, herbs, grains, and more. The staff is friendly, the bulk section is impressive, and the prepared foods are all made in-house. 

Harlequin Produce 

Harlequin Produce, an organic fruits and vegetable company, is in Arlee, just north of Missoula. The farmers and cultivators here practice a method of tillage (preparing the land for crops) that is minimally invasive so it honors the earth. You can find their produce in local CSA deliveries, The Good Food Store, the Missoula Farmers' Market, and more. 

Lifeline Farms

About 25 minutes south of Missoula, you'll run into the small town of Victor, the home of Lifeline Farm. A family-run business of organic farmers, Lifeline offers organic dairy and meat products, from fresh cheese to handmade sausages. Everything is made from the family's grass-fed animals on their farm up the road.  

Clark Fork Organics

Free-roaming chickens, tons of fresh vegetables, and sustainable practices—these are just a few things that sum up Clark Fork Organics, another small but powerful family-run farm that serves fresh produce, herbs, and more to Missoual and surrounding towns. 

Wurster Brothers Honey

We included this family-operated honey business in our PrimaFoodie Guide to Honey, and we keep coming back for more. They practice sustainable beekeeping methods to harvest pure, unadulterated, raw honey with zero additives. 

Meadowsweet Herbs 

This woman-owned apothecary is reason alone to visit Missoula—it's that good. Run by trained herbalists, Meadowsweet Herbs offers an impressive bounty of sustainable, organic dried herbs, roots, tinctures, teas, and personal care items. The team here is so knowledgeable. Have sore muscles? Headaches? Shingles? They'll direct you to one of their in-house concoctions or make one bespoke.

Frank’s Little Farm

We discovered Frank's Little Farm at the Missoula Farmers’ Market last summer. Named in homage to Montana worker's rights revolutionary Frank Little, this all-organic farm is owned and run by a family in town.   Owners Prairie and Sean offer fresh produce via CSA boxes and farmers' market stands. 

Buck N Dave’s Eggs

We love fresh eggs here at PrimaFoodie, and only aim to eat those from conscious farmers. Buck N Dave's, named after the two owners (who are rodeo stars) lets their hens roam freely on their farm located in Corvallis, south of Missoula. Their eggs are free of antibiotics and hormones.

Nourishing Cultures

Heath, the founder of the kombucha company Nourishing Cultures, creates his fermented beverages using 100 percent organic teas, flowers, berries, and vegetables. Even better, most of what he uses comes from another local Montana food purveyor. 

Winter Kissed Farm

A common issue for Montana is that it sees a shortage of fresh produce in the winter. (This is a problem for many states that face elements such as dry air and snow.) To counter this, the farmers at Winter Kissed Farms follow “Kaizen,” a Japanese method that focuses on the constant improvement of practices. They grow their crops in the winter with row covers and have successfully worked to acclimate their produce plants to cold temperatures.

Just Released: The Most Impactful Guide to Living Healthier

The Environmental Working Group has released its 2024 Shopper's Guide to Pesticides in Produce, and we're reading it with appreciative eyes. This guide, which the EWG has been releasing annually since 2004, includes the 'Dirty Dozen' list, which identifies the 12 fresh fruits and vegetables with the most pesticides, and the 'Clean Fifteen' list, which outlines the top 15 pieces of fresh produce with the lowest pesticide residues. Researchers tested 47,510 samples from 46 different fruits and vegetables.

These two straightforward lists provide barometers for understanding what fruits and veggies have the lowest and highest levels of unhealthy pesticide residue. If your budget allows, always aim to buy organic versions of the items on the Dirty Dozen, such as strawberries and spinach, as the non-organic options on this list are always heavily laden with pesticides.

The issue of pesticide residue is serious. This year, researchers at the EWG determined that 75 percent of all the conventional (non-organic) fresh produce they sampled had residues of potentially harmful, toxic pesticides. This year's alarming news includes the "skyrocketed" amount of pesticide residue on pears, the widespread residue found on peaches, and traces of acephate or methamidophos, two insecticides linked to developing nervous system harm, on green beans.

Below, we've outlined the 'Clean Fifteen' and 'Dirty Dozen' lists. To stay healthy and informed, choose organic options whenever possible, shop locally at your farmers' markets, support small, responsible farmers, and know your ingredients. A better food supply system starts with each of us.

EWG 2024 'Dirty Dozen'
1. Strawberries
2. Spinach
3. Kale, collard, and mustard greens
4. Grapes
5. Peaches
6. Pears
7. Nectarines
8. Apples
9. Bell and hot peppers
10. Cherries
11. Blueberries
12. Green beans

EWG 2024 'Clean Fifteen'
1. Avocados
2. Sweet corn
3. Pineapple
4. Onions
5. Papaya
6. Sweet peas
7. Asparagus
8. Honeydew melon
9. Kiwi
10. Cabbage
11. Watermelon
12. Mushrooms
13. Mangoes
14. Sweet Potatoes
15. Carrots

Head over to the EWG for the downloadable versions of these lists.

Edible or Harmful? Here’s the Latest on Harmful Chemicals to Watch Out For and How to Eat Healthier

Over the past several months, two pieces of news have underscored just how shockingly unregulated our food system is: microplastics found in our food and a toxic pesticide present in human urine. Below is the deeper scoop, the potential health dangers of each, and how to keep yourself safe.  

Microplastics

Earlier this year, researchers at the University of Toronto and Ocean Conservancy announced that they found microplastic particles in nearly 90 percent of food samples they tested. The researchers, who published their findings in the journal Environmental Pollution, drew samples from 16 types of edible protein, including chicken, tofu, fish, plant-based meat alternatives, and beef. This news has stirred major concern and adds to the unnerving fact that there are microplastics in animal digestive systems, "This is a startling reminder of just how prolific plastic pollution has become—humans live on land, and yet seafood samples are just as likely to be contaminated with plastics as are terrestrial derived proteins," said Dr. Britta Baechler, Associate Director of Plastics Science at Ocean Conservancy and a co-author of the study. "And there's no escaping them no matter what you eat, it seems. The plastic pollution crisis is impacting all of us, and we need to take action to address its many forms."

What to Do:

We see how jarring this news is, but we do believe there is hope. We can escape microplastics by avoiding processed and ultra-processed meats, including alternative meat burgers, chicken nuggets, and frozen meat products. Aim to only consume organic, grass-fed, humanely raised meats and organic, sustainably caught seafood.  

Chlormequat

In a new EWG peer-reviewed study, researchers found chlormequat in the urine of 80 percent of the tested people. Furthermore, the EWG found it in Cheerios, granola, and other processed grain products. This is horrifying. 

So what is chlormequat? It's a good question because this substance shouldn't be part of our daily conversation. Chlormequat is a widely used pesticide. Registered as a plant growth regulator, the FDA deems it a "tool to help increase crop yield" for its ability to control the size of plants by blocking natural growth stimulants. This, in turn, makes it easier for farmers to harvest certain crops, mainly monocrops like wheat, barley, and oats. But if this pesticide can block plants' growth, just think about what it can do to us. Researchers have found chlormequat to potentially harm the reproductive system, reduce fertility, and disrupt embryonic growth. 

What to Do:

Chlormequat is popping up in our snacks, breads, and kids' cereals. This is yet another reason to avoid processed grain products from mass-produced food chains. The chances of chlormequat having a presence in these products (which also contain loads of sugar and other additives) are high. Buy grain products from small farmers who are transparent and clearly state they use organic, sustainable methods to grow and cultivate their crops.

The bottom line is we can never—ever!—assume that the FDA has our backs and the food that lands on market shelves is good for us. We must vet our foods, continue to educate ourselves, and support the farmers and cultivators who produce clean foods. 

This discernment is necessary if you cook your food at home, order take-out, or eat at a restaurant. (The US Census Bureau has reported a consistent increase in Americans spending money on take-out and dining out over the last several years.) The same scrutiny must happen for our children’s food at school. Ask questions about the sourcing. 

By taking these actions, we set new standards for what's safe and honor our collective health. 

4 Practices for Deeper Meaning, Vitality, and Balance

Hilda Labrada Gore has single-handedly expanded how we view taking a positive and proactive approach to our health. The renowned explorer and wellness enthusiast, known as ‘Holistic Hilda,’ travels the world searching for meaning and ancient wellness practices. She meets with indigenous people and learns their ageless wisdom, uncovering ancestral health traditions and practices. “I’m in the field, baby!” she says with her trademark smile. “I’m out there asking questions.”

But it’s not just Hilda’s insatiable (and humble) approach to evolution that intrigues us, but her ability to synthesize information and deliver it to her droves of followers so that it’s accessible. She does so on her podcast ‘Wise Traditions’ and her popular YouTube Channel with a rare blend of fun and reverence.  

Nichole recently chatted with Hilda on ‘The PrimaFoodie Podcast’ and gleaned some of her vast knowledge. Here, we share four simple yet expansive practices Hilda has learned to help us live more aligned with our higher selves. As Hilda says, her goal is not to compartmentalize wellness or live off the grid but rather to weave in healthy moments throughout her days—and she hopes she can help others do the same. “I like the idea of helping people come home to themselves and the integrity of their whole lives.”

Holistic Hilda’s 4 Practices for Deeper Meaning, Vitality, and Balance 

#1: Lean into your breath. 

Expanding our capacity for wellness and learning can happen in small steps. Hilda looks to the power of her breath by weaving in moments of breathwork into her day-to-day life, a practice she says is accessible and simple, so much so that she does it in her car on her way to and from work. 

Try the four-seven-eight breathing technique she loves:

1. Inhale for four breaths.

2. Hold for seven breaths.

3. Exhale for eight breaths.

Hilda loves to practice this while listening to soothing music to calm her nervous system and get into a restorative space. Plus, it’s easy for all of us who seem to be perpetually on the go. “Take advantage of the time you are sitting still, like the car,” she says. “Instead of getting aggravated by the tail lights, I’m breathing while listening to classical music.”

#2: Listen to your intuition.

Hilda learned the ancient custom of dadirri on a trip to Australia where she met with Aboriginal peoples. They taught her about their respect for the land around them and their practice of tapping deep inside themselves to unearth the spring of knowledge within. 

Such a practice is something we all can do, believes Hilda. “We need to take time to be still in our busy lives, and that might help us return to living lives of integrity,” she says, adding that we have a choice every day to be still and listen to what’s around us. 

#3: Break patterns! Do something different. 

It’s easy to say and life-stretching to do: incorporating new experiences, places, and things in life. This practice is essential for Hilda. “This is why I jump into ice holes,” she laughs. “But I’m trying to do something unusual because what does it do? It wakes me up on every level, in every cell in my body.”

Hilda recognizes that going out of our schedules and comfort zones is challenging and can be quite convenient. But that is often the reason to do it. She uses a trip she took to Mongolia as an example. When the trip opportunity came to her, Hilda had an important event on her schedule during the exact dates. There was no room in her calendar to go to Asia, she admits thinking. That’s when she used a technique she learned from author Lorie Ladd: She pictured herself in both outcomes, going on the trip and attending the event she had on her schedule. “I pictured the no. It felt comfortable, and it felt good,” she says. “Then I pictured Mongolia, and I felt like a tiny little speck of sand amidst the giant cosmos. I pictured myself learning. And I’d just felt like I would be so small there, and the world is so big, and I’d be exploring cultures, traditions, and food that I’d never explored before. So it had to be a heck yes.”

The takeaway is to stretch ourselves, go for the ‘heck yes,’ and lean into the unfamiliar, even if it’s inconvenient or scary because that is where actual growth happens. 

#4: Eat from the land. 

“When I was in Australia, an aboriginal woman told me, ‘This is our grocery store,’ and she was pointing to the land,” recalls Hilda. “She said this is where our people would get food.” 

We’ve lost touch with the berries and herbs around us, believes Hilda. We source our foods in plastic wraps and pull manufactured products from shelves. This is why it’s critical to understand better where our foods come from and to tap into local foods when possible. “Eat fewer foods that have labels and packages and more single-ingredient foods,” she says. “It’s so satisfying, and! I don’t have to read any ingredient labels and see if there are any things on there I cannot pronounce.” 

So whenever possible, choose foods that come as nature intended. As Hilda says, “They will bless your body, strengthen you, and give you energy and vitality.”

To glean more of Hilda's learnings, listen to her full conversation with Nichole on 'The PrimaFoodie Podcast.'

Photo by Tania Teschke

Unsure If a Food Is Processed? Here Are 5 Questions to Ask

Our food system makes avoiding processed and ultra-processed foods a challenge. These foods are everywhere, blanketed with beautiful boxes laced with savvy marketing jargon. So many edible things touted as healthy, from “low-fat” snacks to “made-with-natural-ingredients” bars, sound like they are good for us when, in reality, they’re a mix of sugars, modified starches, additives, and other industrialized ingredients. Manufacturers design these foods to be alluring and crave-worthy, tricking us into eating more and more.

The most significant defense against this is to arm ourselves with knowledge. Our ‘PrimaFoodie Processed Food Checklist’ offers five simple questions to ask to help decipher if a food is ultra-processed and potentially quite harmful. 

Consider these questions a helpful playbook in your conscious eating journey. 

#1: Is It Packaged?

This is a low bar but a solid place to start. Any food that comes in a box, tin, wrapped in plastic, or any other covering is likely processed. So let this be your first place to pause—and from there, you can dig into the ingredients. As Nichole says, “The best option is no packaging at all.”

#2: Does It Have More than a Handful of Ingredients?

Turn the package over and let your eyes fall directly on the ingredient label. Are there more than four or five ingredients? If so, this is a red flag. One step further, does the ingredients list read like a chemical experiment with hard-to-pronounce additives? Aim to opt for foods with very few ingredients and ensure you know what each one is. 

For instance, when picking up a granola package, avoid the version with ‘oats, sugar, palmitate, riboflavin, BHT, pyridoxine hydrochloride’ and opt for the version that contains ‘oats, maple syrup, raisins, cinnamon, and sea salt.’

#3: Is It a Shortcut Food?

We’re all busy. But that doesn’t merit the need for foods that claim to be “quick,” “instant,” or “easy.” These are alluring words in our jam-packed worlds, but they might as well say “packed with bad stuff.” Any foods that tout swiftness, like instant lasagna noodles or quick oatmeal, denote additional processing. 

Instead of quick and easy packaged foods, make simple, nourishing meals in your kitchen. Some of our favorite PrimaFoodie recipes take less time to make than watching an episode of The Crown, and they’re packed with vitamins, minerals, and healthy proteins. 

#4: Are There Added Sugars or Fake Sweeteners?

There’s sugar called ‘sugar,’ which negatively impacts our metabolic system. Then there’s sugar disguised as fructose, corn syrup, malt syrup, beet sugar, and other sweeteners. These highly processed forms of sugar often go unnoticed and heavily consumed—and they are terrible for our health. The same goes for artificial sweeteners like saccharin and aspartame. Avoid these and aim for products sweetened with better alternatives, such as pure maple syrup, coconut nectar, dates, and honey. And be discerning if a food even needs sweetening. We’re always shocked how many jarred pasta sauces and breads contain sugar.

Also, be wary of any words that end in “ose,” such as fructose, glucose, dextrose, or maltose. These are more forms of manipulated, highly processed sugar. 

#5: Does It Make Promises?

Walk down the grocery store aisles, and you’ll be bombarded with packages exclaiming all the great things this food or that food will do. 

• There are probiotic sodas that claim to bolster gut health—but they’re filled with sugar and coloring. 

• There are “all-natural” chicken fingers—but they really come from factory-farmed chickens pumped with antibiotics. 

• There are “natural” kids' granola bars—but they’re addled with modified wheat, preservatives, and sweeteners.

We could go on and on. Whenever a food makes a promise or claim, step away. 

These five questions are a powerful start. Once you get in the groove of pausing and inspecting food, you’ll be more inclined to think about how it will impact you and your family’s health. 

For further reading, check out our PrimaFoodie Guides to Buying Eggs and Meat andMeat and PoultryPoultry. 

California Banned this Food Additive—but It's Still Lurking. Here's What to Know

Last fall, we came across two pieces of food news that made us fist pump the air. First, in October, California banned brominated vegetable oil (BVO)—along with red dye no. 3, propylparaben, and potassium bromate from use in foods and beverages. A month later, the Food and Drug Administration proposed to make BVO illegal in food on a national scale. 

These two headlines are a giant necessary step. BVO has always been bad news. And it has a storied past. 

A common food additive made of vegetable oil modified with bromine, BVO has been used since 1958 to stabilize citrus (and other fruit) flavoring oils in sodas, candies, and foods. (The additive lends a cloudy-like look to sodas.) The FDA initially gave it a GRAS status, generally recognized as safe (a modifier that sends chills up our spines). People successfully rallied to revoke this status in 1970 due to the spreading knowledge (and likely intuition of health-conscious people) that BVO may harm our health. So, what did the FDA do? It stated the BVO can be used but only in specific limited doses. (This means nothing because even if a drink company puts a specified limited amount of BVO in a drink, it still adds a toxic chemical to its product. Not to mention, people who consume more than one BVO-containing drink put themselves at risk of the cumulative effects that come from imbibing this chemical over and over.)

So, since 1958, BVO has been swimming in all its “generally recognized as safe” glory and filling the bellies of kids and adults. Meanwhile, more and more research has revealed its ugly impact, stating it causes headaches, skin irritation, and harm to the nervous system. “The risks of BVO have been known for decades,” the EWG reported in 2021. “A 1980s study showed that rats that consumed BVO up to 2 percent of their diet showed significant reproductive harm. An earlier study showed that rats that consumed diets containing brominated corn, cottonseed, olive, or sesame oil showed changes to the heart and liver. And in one instance, a man who consumed eight liters of Ruby Red Squirt daily for several months developed tender nodules on his hands and fingers.”

Some manufacturers have stepped up and (claim to have) removed BVO from their products, including PepsiCo. Still, the EWG states it is present in smaller soda brands and generic brands, such as Great Value products. (We’ll add here that the EU and Japan ban BVO for use in food.) 

All these gross, unnerving facts make the news of California banning it and the FDA proposing to ban it even more critical. But the catch? The California BVO ban won’t go into effect until 2027 as part of the California Food Safety Act. And the FDA news is merely a proposal. Nothing is set in stone, yet. Which means BVO continues to lurk in our food and drinks. It continues to harm our kids and wreak havoc on our nervous systems. So we must keep being vigilant, aware, and proactive by doing the following:

• Reading labels (watch out for brominated vegetable oil and any other artificial additives)

• Educating our friends and family about BVO

• Fighting back with our wallets by not purchasing from companies that do use BVO

• Calling your local and state Congresspeople to fight to have your state ban BVO (New York is another state setting a great example)

• Choosing fresh, unprocessed foods and beverages as much as possible. 

We won’t stop until BVO is history. We hope you join us in the fight. 

The PrimaFoodie Podcast Season 2

The PrimaFoodie Podcast is back. We are so excited to share life-changing wisdom about our health and what we eat (and undoubtedly infuriate the giant corporate food companies along the way). 

This season, Nichole goes deep with more of the world's brightest advocates for clean eating and holistic wellness. They move past the trends and hype to get to the good stuff: the real foods, practices, and truths that have the most beneficial impact on our well-being. Nichole speaks with an iconoclastic researcher who travels the world to ask healers from varied cultures about how they stay vibrant. She asks a leading gastroenterologist about the 'silent fire' that drives widespread disease and illness. She talks with a farmer growing heirloom food about the beauty, joy, and nutrition found in thoughtfully grown ancient foods. And this is just a sampling. 

These talks are riveting and educational—but they're so much more. Opening up and discussing how and what we eat, along with the ways we care for our minds and bodies, is the most important thing we can do. Owning our autonomy in the face of an unjust food system and corrupt food corporations and lobbyists is how we democratize wellness. Research from early this year shows that people still lack access to fresh foods—and this is 2023! Some of the boundaries are financial; others are educational. One survey shows only 25 percent of people read food labels before making an in-person purchase. More than 21 percent say they cut back on buying healthier foods. 

This all needs to change. At PrimaFoodie, our dream is for 100 percent of people to have immediate access to pure, healthy food and the desire to parse every ingredient before they buy something. 

We're working to make wellness synonymous with equality and equity, starting with making healthy, delicious, clean eating accessible—because feeling good comes from the inside out. What we put in and on our bodies has the most profound impact on how we move through this life. 

Let's keep fighting for the good stuff. Thanks for being on this trek with us.   

The halloween swaps we’re making this year

It's Halloween 2023, and we are thrilled to say we've finally reached a time where cleaned-up candy is moving in the right direction: Chocolate made of ethically and organically sourced cocoa. Lollipops tinted with natural turmeric over toxic coloring. Gummies sweetened with real fruit juice. We're thanking the cleaner food stars. Even the Halloween costume accessories that lurked toxins for years (we see you face paint!) are on offer with gentler ingredients. 

Whether you're new to the Trick-or-Treating circuit or a veteran, the following are our favorites for letting the little ones indulge for a bit. Of course, these aren’t perfect, but we feel good that the awareness is growing, and greater options are becoming more mainstream.

HALLOWEEN CANDY:

SmartSweets Gummy Bears and Gummy Worms

Cocomels

UNREAL Candy

That’s It Fruit Bars (100% fruit)

Yumi Bars

Maple Candy

ACCESSORIES:

Mineral Based Face Paint

DIY Washable and Non-Toxic Fake Blood:

Organic Cotton Kids Costumes:

Organic Cotton Scrunchies:

Organic Cotton Halloween Socks:

BPA Free Slap Bracelets:

Made in USA Non-Toxic Halloween Pencils:

Trick or Treat Bags:

Lab-Grown Chicken Is Legal—and It’s Coming to Restaurants. Here’s What to Know

In June, United States regulators approved the sale of chicken meat made from animal cells for human consumption. The decision was history-making, positioning the U.S. as the second country in the world (after Singapore) to allow lab-grown meat, also known as cultivated meat, to land on our plates. It's a dizzying change that opens a new food frontier. That’s why staying informed and vigilant is essential. 

Lab Grown Chicken: What Is It?

Scientists have been working on cultivating meat in labs since the early 1990s, but only in the last decade have they made significant headway. (A wildly expensive "burger" made of lab-grown beef tissue made headlines in 2013 when someone consumed it at a press conference in London.) They use extracted cells from an animal's body and multiply them to produce a substance that mirrors the flesh of that animal—chicken cells in this recent approval. 

The USDA has given clearance to two companies, Good Meat and Upside Foods, to sell their cultivated lab-grown chicken to restaurants and elsewhere for consumer consumption. Both Good Meat and Upside Foods laud their products for resembling the taste and texture of real chicken. 

Why Is Lab-Grown Meat on the Market?

As with any new product, there are skeptics and advocates. Those in favor of lab-grown meat say it is a substantial stride in the movement toward reducing the greenhouse gas emissions linked to the poultry and meat industry and reducing the widespread cruelty toward animals raised for food. Uma Valeti, the chief executive of Upside Foods, told various media outlets that its mission is to provide an ethical meat option. "It's a giant step towards a more sustainable future–one that preserves choice and life," said Valeti in a mass statement. "We are excited to launch with our signature, whole-textured Upside chicken and can't wait for consumers to taste the future." 

Those against lab-grown meat have stated concerns over whether the meat will, in fact, offer any reduction in energy- and environment-depleting resources that will better the environment. There are also giant questions highlighting health and nutrition concerns and whether lab-grown meat is actually meat or an edible substance created by scientists.

When Will We See Lab-Grown Meat?

Experts in the food industry say it may take more than a year or two to see lab-grown meat on the shelves in grocery stores. Still, it could find its way into restaurants way sooner. Various media have reported that Bar Crenn, an upscale restaurant in San Francisco, will soon serve Upside Food's "chicken,” weaving it into its dishes. What is chilling, in truth, is that there are no rules mandating that restaurants disclose whether the chicken they use is lab-grown.

The PrimaFoodie Take on Lab-Grown Meat

Like everything else food-related, we are concerned about transparency. We have a right to know everything about the chicken (and any food) we consume: whether it was raised ethically and organically, injected with antibiotics, laced with chemicals, and (now) created in a lab by people in white coats. 

Asking questions is the most critical step to staying informed about our food. When ordering or buying chicken, consider the following:

• Ask the server or restaurant owner where they source the chicken for their dishes. You can be as specific as to ask if the chicken is organically or conventionally raised or lab-grown. Still, it is critical to note again: Restaurants do not have to disclose where they get their meat or if their meat is lab-grown. 

• Ask the vendors at the farmers market if they grow their chickens, and if so, what practices they follow. 

• Read your labels closely. The USDA's rules around lab-grown labeling are in the works, although both Good Meat and Upside Foods have stated they will label their products as "cell-cultivated" meat. 

By asking these questions, you'll be empowered to make the best decision for you and your family as to whether a food is healthy for you. 

We'll be asking these questions non-stop—and when we come across lab-grown meat, we'll politely decline to save room for the real and organic chicken. 

“Good Food Makes Your Life Better”—Chef Andreas Niewerth on How to Eat More Healthily

We all deserve to know what is in our food. Yet, learning all the ingredients on our plates takes a lot of work in the United States. Companies are stealthy, adding chemicals, fillers, coloring, enhancers, and so much more. And consumers often have zero clue.

Chef Andreas Niewerth knows this unfortunate truth well. The holistic nutritionist, trained chef, and chef instructor was born in Germany and has worked around Europe and the globe advocating for clean, nutrient-dense foods. After learning about the power of real food while working in his family's restaurants and establishing one of the first organic catering companies in Germany, Chef Andreas received his holistic nutritionist certification when his eldest son was diagnosed with allergies and rheumatoid arthritis. 

Today, Chef Andreas lives in California with his family, where he grows his food, offers his services as a private chef and teacher, and holds farm-to-table pop-up events. He's an educator and inspiration when it comes to really paying attention to what we eat. And given that he is German, he's also a human magnifying glass revealing the American food system's cryptic and often harmful tactics. As these three facts show, it can be critical to pause and look at how we've been conditioned to eat in the US and ask: Is there a better way?

There is, says Chef Andreas. It starts with transparency, asking questions, and eating real food from the earth. "If you put good food in your body right away, you will spend less money on doctor bills," he says. "Good food makes your life better."

#1: Europe educates kids about natural foods. America does not.

Like European nations, America must educate people about food and personal nutrition. "In Germany, they want you to be a healthy individual. They train you [as early as] in Kindergarten. Go away from the hamburger and eat more fresh vegetables," says Chef Andreas. Of course, occasionally allowing kids to eat something like a hamburger or ice cream is okay. But Chef Andreas stresses how Europe educates kids about the importance of consistently eating whole, real foods first and foremost.

#2: Food transparency reigns in Europe.

"In Europe, French fries have three ingredients: potatoes, salt, and fat," says Chef Andreas. The whole ingredients make up the food. Yet, in the US, it is quite different. "French fries have 17 ingredients— stabilizers, more taste enhancers, more additives that are different chemicals that make you want to eat more." He adds, "So it's really an unhealthy french fry here."

#3: Eat better quality food—and less food overall. 

Chef Andreas says there is way too much food waste in the US. Plus, American portion sizes are significantly larger than in Europe. He says a critical key is to eat high-quality food, which tends to be much more expensive in the US but with lower portion sizes. "I tell people, 'Cut the steak a little bit smaller. Instead of 10 ounces, eat only six ounces, and make sure those six ounces are high-quality, organic, grass-fed, and from your farmer next door," he says. "Don't buy the commercial stuff."

To learn more from Chef Andreas, listen to his entire conversation with Nichole on ‘The PrimaFoodie Podcast.’

3 Food Values We Live By

Eating well is complex. It is a subjective journey informed by culture, familial history, and dietary needs. What one person deems a healthy, balanced diet may radically differ from someone else's choices. 

In considering this nuance, one thing stands factual no matter where we come from or how we eat: Our food choices directly impact our health and well-being. Too many people, particularly those of us in America, are steeped in a society that normalizes eating ultra-processed foods filled with sugars, hydrogenated oils, colorings, and other chemical additives. It can be hard to see how harmful these edible substances are because they physically surround us—in our schools, markets, restaurants, offices, places of entertainment, and more. Supermarket shelves overflow with products wrapped in packaging covered with untruthful yet alluring marketing words such as "natural" and "healthy." Mass food producers hire lobbyists to push legislative agendas that work for company profits and against our well-being. 

Foods that are cancer-causing, endocrine-disrupting, and soil-toxifying have no business in our grocery markets. Many people deny that ultra-processed food is detrimental, which is understandable because our society has us believe otherwise. But we must peel back these layers, piece by piece, to continue to see the need to be vigilant about our food. We have more control over our health than we often allow ourselves to see—and it starts with how and what we eat.

As we continue to build this community around nourishing ourselves and building a better food system, we never want to proselytize or judge anyone's choices. Nutrition is personal. It's more than following a strict plan, measuring intake, or counting carbs or calories. Nourishing ourselves well includes enjoying our food, feeling good about our choices and food sources, and taking care of our bodies in ways beyond vitamins and minerals.

Staying atop of all this can be overwhelming. We know. This is why we believe it's helpful (and freeing) to follow pillars—or values—that act as guides. When we identify the things that are most important to our food choices and health, it allows us the capacity to take better care of ourselves. Values also help us continue to advocate for a better food system. 

We often hear things from readers and the general public, such as: What are the best ways to eat healthier? Where do I start? How do I make better choices? The following three pillars is where we always start:

#1: Avoid Ultra-Processed Foods

We live by this value: Rid ultra-processed foods from your diet. These include foods made of substances extracted from foods containing additives, colorings, preservatives, and fillers. Common examples of highly processed or ultra-processed foods include soda, package snacks (crackers and cookies), chips, fast food, mass-produced bread, and frozen meals.  

Famed food journalist Michael Pollan says to "eat food" rather than highly processed concoctions. "These days this is easier said than done, especially when seventeen thousand new products show up in the supermarket each year, all vying for your food dollar," Pollan writes. "Today much of the challenge of eating well comes down to choosing real food and avoiding these industrial novelties." So, to follow Pollan, avoid ultra-processed foods and eat true, whole foods. 

And if you second-guess yourself about what real food is, listen to your instincts. A food is likely ultra-processed if it comes in a package of some sort, has an unnatural texture or color, and/or has a long ingredients list. Marion Nestle recently pointed out that research shows most people do know the processing levels of foods. So again, listen to your gut.

#2: Eat Local

Eating produce and meat from your region means consuming foods with higher nutrition (compared to store-bought items sourced from far away) and a lower carbon footprint. Local foods are also tastier and always in season. Shop at your local farmers' markets for your meals and snacks whenever possible. In doing this, you'll be eating real whole foods—and the benefits are endless. 

#3: Enjoy Your Food

How we eat, as well as with whom, is as important as what we eat. Research shows that we make over 200 food decisions daily. When we overlook these choices or act on autopilot, we miss out on the pleasure of eating. We also tend to overeat or eat less healthily.  

Pay attention. Create rituals around your meals. Enjoy cooking. Take your time. Make eating a memorable and happy event. Whether eating alone or with a crowd, plate your food, sit down, turn off distractions, and indulge in every bite. This will bring your mind to what you're eating. When joy, pleasure, and nutrition intersect, we're more likely to stick to eating habits that nourish us.

Again, eating well is personal. Only you know what's best for your body. Aim to educate yourself about the foods and what's in them. Support local farmers, eat mindfully, up your vegetable intake, avoid ultra-processed goods, and always stay hydrated with ample water. These pillars will allow you to nourish your body and mind best–no matter what that looks like for you.

What Is processed food, really?

It’s common knowledge to know that ultra-processed foods are bad for your body and brain. Yet still, our culture is steeped with meals, markets, and festivities featuring ultra-processed treats, meats, and the like, making it seem impossible to avoid these food-like substances. Just walking into a grocery store is a game of self-defense if you veer beyond the produce section. 

But just how unhealthy are they for you? We’re here to spread the (dark) truth. Ultra-processed foods are that bad. Here’s what the latest research shows.

The Latest on Ultra-Processed Food

British researchers and doctors from the College of London’s School of Public Health recently reported study findings that show a greater consumption of ultra-processed foods may be linked to cancer, even cancer-related death. 

Health experts looked at the diets of more than 200,000 adults, all middle-aged, for more than a decade. They accessed the participants’ risks of developing cancers of any kind, paying close attention to 34 different types of cancer. Their findings are sobering: The greater the consumption of ultra-processed foods, the risk of developing cancers, particularly brain and ovarian cancer, goes up. This showed in the individual numbers. For every 10 percent increase in ultra-processed food someone ate, there showed to be a 2 percent increase in cancer and a nearly 20 percent increase in ovarian cancer in women. 

The researchers also found that with every 10 percent increase, there was a 6 percent increase in cancer-related death. 

What Are Processed and Ultra-Processed Food?

Before we dig deeper, let’s look at what the culprit actually is. Ultra-processed foods are manufactured food products and drinks made from substances extracted from foods. They contain high amounts of additives, such as colorings, fats, sugars, emulsifiers, salts, and preservatives. (When Michael Pollan famously coined the term “edible food-like substances” he was referring to ultra-processed foods.) Sadly, there are countless examples, but a few common ones include soda, deli meats, fast food, packaged cookies, salty snacks, and bread, and frozen meals. 

One step below this are processed foods (take out the ultra), which are raw foods that have undergone any processing, such as milling, cutting, heating, pasteurizing, cooking, dehydrating, and packaging. The amount of processing varies per item, with some foods considered to be minimally processed. 

Finally, unprocessed foods are what we call whole foods. These are natural foods still in their natural, unadulterated state. 

Processed Foods: A Pandemic

As grave as these findings are, they’re another layer to the cacophony of examples showing just how bad many foods out there really are. In 2015, for example, the World Health Organization called processed meats carcinogenic to humans. This was a rallying cry to the world to not eat this stuff. 

Even more concerning is the fact that more and more people are eating processed food. Several years ago, researchers at NYU assessed the diets of more than 40,000 American adults over the course of 18 years. The findings showed a 53 percent increase in the amount of ultra-processed foods they ate. 

Add to the above examples the cruel fact that giant corporations are using the savviest marketing tactics to lure you in and get you hooked on these food-like substances. 

Our Food Future

We’re the first to admit that it can be nearly impossible to never eat processed foods. But we’re advocating for what’s possible. And this means avoiding ultra-processed foods at all costs. You control what you put in your body—not giant companies or big pharma. So if anything, we hope the above alarming news—which is another research win from Europe—is a spotlight on just how critical food is to our well-being. 

Parker Brook said it best on The PrimaFoodie Podcast: “Each one of us has the power to decide what our food future is.” We hold the capability, capacity, and gumption to make better decisions for ourselves and our families—today and tomorrow.  

Primafavorites Fall 2023: great greens, sex for good health, and food truths

Whether it’s discovering a new inclusive cookbook author or reaching for our tried-and-true clean products, we’re always seeking inspiring brands, projects, and people that make life more beautiful. Here’s a look at what we’re currently coveting, exploring, trying, and genuinely enjoying at PrimaFoodie.

PrimaFavorites: Autumn 2023 Edition

maui nui venison

“Peter Attia has been endorsing this for some time, which is why it originally caught my attention. This is wild harvested axis deer meat from Maui, sourced from a company that follows strict land stewardship practices. I had the tenderloin and it was, well, like a well-prepared tenderloin. There were no gristly bits; only tender, flavorful bites.” —Nichole

Stur Drinks

“Stur drinks are similar to other brands, like Mio or Crystal light, that flavor water except they do not use artificial or chemical sweeteners or any food coloring, such as Yellow Lake 5, Blue 1, Red 40, etc. I love how they’re in partnership with the Thrist Project, so for every order they donate one year of clean drinking water to a person in need. I struggle with drinking enough water throughout the day, and I have found these helpful in enhancing my intake. Plus, there are a ton of different flavors!” —Bonnie

“Smartless”

“Everything these guys say is funny. When I listen to this podcast, I’m always laughing out loud—which can be very awkward depending on where you are, and I love it! There doesn’t always need to be a point or a moral. They’re three friends—Will Arnett, Sean Hayes, and Jason Bateman—who shoot the breeze and lovingly having a go at each other. They also happen to interview some incredible guests. Oh and starting with Will Ferrell is never a bad idea.” —Nichole

laird superfood prebiotic daily greens

“I have tried nearly every chlorophyll-based alkalizing green powder I can get my hands on, and every one leaves some sort of chalky residue. That is, until I discovered this one, which recently came out. Made of adaptogenics, organic vegetables, and a bounty of mineral-rich algae, it’s a drinkable and actually enjoyable way to start my day. I feel good getting a perfect dose of pre and probiotics, vitamins, and aminos early in the morning” —Stacey

“How to Have Better Sex”

“Dr. Emily Morse, the revered sex expert and author, talks candidly on this episode of “The Mind Pump Podcast.” I took away so many great nuggets from her interview. Every woman and man should listen to this for their health.” —Nichole

Dr. Bronner’s Magic All-One Chocolate

“I’ve enjoyed every flavor but the coconut dark chocolate my current favorite—same for our entire household. It’s delicious and happens to be one of the cleanest and most sustainable chocolates I’ve found on the market.” —Nichole

“Your Genes May Influence What You Like to Eat”

“Scientific American consistently published the most riveting—and astonishing—articles on modern-day science and health. This piece explores how our genetics play a key role in why each of us likes certain foods and dislikes others. But what is additionally interesting is the role genetics has not only on our diet choice but on how our brain pathways respond to various foods and nutrients.” —Stacey

Poisoned: The Dirty Truth about Your Food

“Netflix’s new documentary dives into the history of food regulation and food borne illness. It sheds light on the sense of urgency about food regulations and reveals the frustrations between the USDA (what regulates meat, poultry, and eggs) and the FDA (which regulates all food involved in interstate commerce). Not only does the documentary reveal the current issues we face in the American food system, but it also highlights horrific details about food borne illness through providing examples of how meat transports throughout the food system from farming to end up on restaurant tables.” —Bonnie

Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones

“Author Dan Buettner, the journalist behind the acclaimed book Blue Zones, takes us around the world in this documentary. I’ve read a lot about blue zones over the years. I was intrigued by the new perspective the filmmakers are taking in this film, which focuses on the unique communities around the globe where people live long, healthy lives. It’s not just eating the right combination of native Mediterranean ingredients. It’s lifestyle and it’s things we can work into our own lives, sometimes easily, sometimes with a little work. This offers an accessible exploration into how we can live longer lives of higher quality.” —Nichole

to Dye For: How toxic fashion is making us sick and how we can fight back by Alden Wicker

“We recently explored Alden Wicker’s thoroughly reported book, which takes an aggressive look at the fast fashion industry and its impact on our health and planet. It truly is a critical read for everyone.” —Stacey

Is Our Clothing Making Us Sick? Here’s What One Journalist Wants Us to Know

"Even the largest, most affordable drugstore brands are now reformulating their beauty and cleaning products to be safer. And you can find organic milk at conventional grocery stores, too. Yet fashion, a $2.5 trillion global industry, has somehow completely evaded the same scrutiny."

These words by journalist and author Alden Wicker in her new book To Dye For: How Toxic Fashion Is Making Us Sick—and How We Can Fight Back hit a grave and critical chord. Clothing manufacturers are lacing the items we put on our bodies with horrendous chemicals. Take formaldehyde, a severe and ubiquitous preservative and fertilizer linked to cancer. A study sampling a variety of dyed garments published in the journal Toxic found formaldehyde in:

• 22 percent of the tested cotton garments

• 14 percent of synthetic material garments

• 47 percent of cotton-synthetic garments 

Unbeknownst to us, chemicals are everywhere in our daily clothes—and it could be harming us. 

This fact underscores Wicker's intention in her book. Chemicals, such as formaldehyde, go totally unregulated in the clothing industry. Manufacturers can spray whatever they choose to up an item’s performance, say to prevent wrinkles or to make them waterproof, without scrutiny. It's bizarre, especially as Wicker points out that we have ingredient lists for our foods and personal care items—much of which continues to contain harmful ingredients—yet there is no transparency labeling for a t-shirt or pair of pants colored with dyes made of fossil fuels.

Wicker, who has covered the topics of sustainability and ethical fashion for years (she's the founder of EcoCult, a site that takes an in-depth look at the fast fashion world), began investigating chemicals in fashion several years ago. Her interest was piqued when Delta flight attendants began complaining they were getting sick after wearing new uniforms provided to them by the company. The attendants reported breaking out in rashes. Some even complained of breathing issues. 

That story led Wicker to investigate the unregulated use of potentially harmful chemicals. She spent more than two years studying clothing chemicals and our health. She interviewed a wide array of people who were impacted by the issue, including consumers and garment factory workers. Her research and reporting revealed just how many of us are unaware of the fact that our clothing has the potential to make us sick. 

In an interview for 'Fresh Air,' Wicker told Tanya Mosley, "This is a conversation I've had over and over and over again over the past few years where people say, I've never heard about this before, and then I start to tell them about some things, and they go, oh, yeah. You know what? You're right. I do get a rash when I wear things like this […]."

Wicker's book is stunning in its breadth of information and it's also a rallying cry. We must continue to investigate what goes in and on our bodies, challenge toxic measures taken by corporate giants, and fight for transparency and truth. 

To learn more about Alden Wicker and to order her book To Dye For, visit aldenwicker.com.

What We All Must Know about Our Drinking Water

The news headlines about our drinking water are horrifying: 

• “Forever chemicals spike” (The Denver Post)

• “Water restrictions drag on” (USA Today)

• “Community members share concerns about possible water pollutants (WEAU TV)

Even more disturbing: These stories revealing the contaminants lurking in our water are the ones making the news. We do not hear about the hundreds upon hundreds of small-town water issues not reported. According to Erin Brockovich, the renowned public health advocate, environmental activist, and author, at least 1500 boil water advisories occur every month across the US. Those circumstances may not make headlines, but they make countless residents sick. 

So why is our drinking water in the US in such dire straits? And what do we need to know? Here are the four biggest concerns:

#1: Old infrastructure

Most water and sewer pipes in the United States date back 45 to 150 years. They’re rusty, old, made of crumbling materials, and rife with issues. This infrastructure is in dire need of replacement because of corrosion, but doing so is extremely expensive. Many municipalities lack the funds in their budgets to invest in updated infrastructure. 

#2: Toxic pipe materials

In 1986, US Congress banned the use of lead in water pipes. Still, many pipes in existence before the ban remain— up to 10 million, according to the EPA. Lead from these pipes leak into the water, which we then consume. Research shows that lead stays in the body, leading to grave health impacts. (Earlier this July, the York City Coalition to End Lead Poisoning published their report “No Excuses, NYC: Replace Lead Drinking Water Pipes Now,” revealing that 21 percent of NYC residents may be drinking water from lead pipes. And in California, daycare centers show high amounts of lead consumption linked to water.)

Additionally, plastic is a cause of concern. While non-lead pipes are often made of steel or iron, more municipalities are updating their infrastructure to plastic. This gives us chills. 

#3: Forever chemicals

Common everyday products, from cookware to containers to personal care products, comprise PFAS and PFOA, which are highly toxic fluorinated chemicals. Deemed “forever chemicals,” these chemicals “build up in our bodies and never break down in the environment,” reports the Environmental Working Group. “Very small doses of PFAS have been linked to cancer, reproductive and immune system harm, and other diseases.” PFA are some of the most concerning emerging contaminants impacting our water today. 

#4: Bacteria and microorganisms

Pathogenic bacteria (such as E. coli), microbes, and viruses are commonly present in water, as most of our drinking water comes from surface waters that can be polluted. To thwart these bacteria and viruses' health risks, municipalities add chlorine to the water. The issue is that when chlorine combines with organic materials, such as dirt, it sometimes creates disinfection byproducts, such as Trihalomethanes (THM). These byproducts pose significant health risks when consumed. 

What can we do?

This is a giant concern, and it can be overwhelming. But like any issue, we can do the most good by educating ourselves, talking about it, and taking small action. Here are a few things you can do today to fight for cleaner water:

• Please read about the state of our water system. Let’s educate ourselves as much as possible. Erin Brockovich’s ‘The Brockovich Report’ is an excellent place to start. 

• Talk about this— with your family, friends, and neighbors.

• Communicate with your local government. Attend a city council meeting and ask questions about the state of your town or city’s pipes and the budget for improvements.

• Be mindful of the water you drink. Stay up-to-date on boil water advisories in your area. 

• Filter your water before drinking it. This can help to remove harmful impurities and contaminants. We love Waterdrop and LARQ.

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: Guar Gum

Additives in food are as ubiquitous as they are nebulous. In our PrimaFoodie Ingredients Spotlight, we investigate common food additives to discover their origin, use, and purpose. Because just because something is edible doesn’t mean it’s healthy—or necessary.

Guar gum is everywhere these days. A staple in various processed goods, from alternative milk to gluten-free goods, this binding agent makes foods thicker. Since it's an additive, however, we wanted to examine it. Here's everything you need to know. 

What is Guar Gum?

Often referred to as gellan gum, Guar gum is a galactomannan, a polysaccharide (carbohydrate) found in the cell walls of guar gum beans, which grows on Cyamopsis tetragonolobus plants native to Pakistan and India. Cultivators de-husk and mill the shells of the beans, which then is turned into a powder food additive. Guar gum has high water-absorbing capabilities, making it an effective way to thicken soups, milk, and other foods.

What does Guar Gum do?

The primary purpose of guar gum is to make food thicker and palatable. Because it rapidly absorbs water, guar gum creates a gel-like consistency. Used as an emulsifier, it bolsters the texture of certain foods. These include: 

• Yogurt 

• Nut and plant milk

• Ice cream

• Canned soups 

• Protein bars

• Supplement powders

• Vitamins

• Gluten-free baked goods

Farmers grow guar gum beans on several continents. While it's used as an emulsifier in personal care and household products, most guar gum is found in foods today. It's also available on its own.

Is Guar Gum Bad?

Research on guar gum and its potential issues is limited. Still, some studies have shown it to interfere with the gut microbiome. Because it absorbs water quickly, research has also shown it interferes with the digestive system. Popular diet pills and appetite-curbing supplements include guar gum because it causes food to swell in the stomach, leading to a feeling of fullness.

Our PrimaFoodie Take

Like any additive, we're hesitant to give guar gum a thumbs up. The fewer additives, the better, in our book. We advise paying attention, reading labels, and seeing how this additive impacts your digestive system. 

Further reading: The Primafoodie Ingredient Spotlight on Soy Lec.

What does ethical meat look like? A Conversation with the founders of Pasture PDX

Pasture PDX is a butcher shop doing things differently. At least, differently by conventional American standards. Founders Kei Ohdera and HJ Schaible take a European approach to their butchery, sourcing retired dairy cows and using the entire animal for butcher cuts and meats for their Portland, Oregon deli and butcher shop. Every cow Ohdera and Schaible acquires comes from a regenerative farmer they know who has raised the animal ethically and humanely. 

Ohdera and Schaible’s approach is common in Europe and other parts of the world. However, it’s rare here in the US, where the corporate concentration of meat production and factory farming are growing issues. Only four companies dominate the production—more than 80 percent—of our nation’s meat. This monopoly comes at the cost of many, including small farmers, animal welfare, and the health of our planet. 

We recently spoke to Ohdera and Schaible about being more conscious meat consumers. By focusing on ethical animal husbandry—an all-encompassing term that describes the mindful day-to-day care of animals raised for meat, dairy, and other products—Ohdera and Schaible are bringing high-quality meats to their customers while also supporting a more inclusive, humane, and ethical local food system.  

A Conversation with Kei Ohdera and HJ Schaible

You take a European-style approach to butchery, and source retired dairy cows for your meat. Please walk us through why this is unique and ethical.

Ohdera: Our whole project was inspired by sourcing retired dairy cows. It's historically done quite often in European countries because there's a lot of logic to it, even though we have yet to be able to reestablish that supply chain here. The thought is that the animal is raised to live a longer life and provides a product to the community that has value through the milk and everything else, and then the meat. So not only does it have incredible flavor, the animal is living longer. Also, when farmers have the right rotational program, it's also helping the soil. But mainly, you're providing a product to the community, not just raising these animals just to be slaughtered.

A lot of commodity ground beef will be combined with hundreds of different animals. The farmer typically gets underpaid for these cows, and [the cow and meat] are not respected in the same way.

Why is the US meat industry complex for smaller farmers? What are some issues you're seeing?

Ohdera: The USDA holds too firm a grip on these small producers. There aren't enough slaughterhouses. For instance, there used to be 32 slaughterhouses in Oregon. For a myriad of reasons, there are only eight to 10 remaining. Some burned in the fire a few years ago, and others shut down because it's a tough industry to turn a profit. It's also challenging work because the USDA has such strong oversight. Many of these smaller producers can only sell directly to consumers if they sell it by half a cow or a quarter. So, with the smaller producers, in terms of retired dairy cows, they don't have the time or the infrastructure to take these animals down to the auction. So typically, they hire somebody to come pick up the animal, then it goes down to auction, where it won't get a premium price.

It's hard to talk about the meat industry and not touch upon the big feed lots throughout this country. I see them when I drive I-5 from San Francisco to Los Angeles: fenced-in areas with tons and tons of cows packed in. What is essential to know about these?

Schaible: That's a huge industry, and, going back to what Kei touched on, the USDA has played into it. The beef industry—or the meat industry—is massive. Multiple countries have a hold on it. The idea that meat should be your source of protein and you, therefore, must eat a lot of meat and drink a lot of milk has been pushed forward so much here in the US.

Ohdera: In terms of these big feedlots, the animals aren't being treated very well. They're not given the space that they need. Their diet is typically a lot of grain, which is not good for their health and not good for our health. When you say you're driving to LA, you have a high concentration of animals in one particular area because that's where the land is cheap. So these big producers buy up the ground, and then they raise a ton of animals on them, and they end up not contributing to the health of the soil because there are too many animals in one place. Also, all of that waste gets concentrated and often wastes into the water supply, which is not supposed to happen. So that is both environmentally and ethically speaking in terms of the animal's welfare.

If someone wants to support a more ethical meat industry, how can they be more conscious about the meat they consume?

Schaible: Something that Kei and I talk about a lot is eating less meat in general. Even though we're a butcher shop, we encourage people to eat what's necessary and to engage in more conscious buying. Many of our customers, as well as people who walk in for our lunch menu, are aware that we're taking one whole animal, breaking it down, and turning it into our menu in retail. So we focus on showing people and informing them of certain cuts, how to prepare them, and the quantity for the amount that they're feeding.

So again, even though our bread and butter is butchery, we encourage people to have a more mindful approach to buying meat and how much, and also to consider how much vegetables or starches they're eating with it. Instead of doing the whole slab of meat on a plate, we inform people that you're going to be spending a premium price for grass-fed locally raised meat, so respect it.

What should someone look out for when they're more consciously buying meat? Are there markers to seek or questions to ask?

Ohdera: It's a tough question to answer because there are a lot of tag words used for branding. You may see the word organic, but that doesn't always mean that the lives of these animals are being considered. It typically does because somebody likely wouldn't go through the licensing process to just mess it up in terms of how they raised the animals. Increasingly, smaller producers who are ethically minded are using the term regenerative. That means considering the health of the soil and the total environment that the animals are in, and so it's contributing back instead of just taking from the land.

To support and learn more about Kei Ohdera and HJ Schaible and their butcher shop, Pasture PDX, visit pasturepdx.com.

The Critical Organ Connection a Nutritional Psychiatrist Wants Us All to Know

It may seem obvious that fresh arugula will nourish your brain while a candy bar will deplete it, but Dr. Uma Naidoo helps us see why. A nutritional psychiatrist and author of the bestseller This Is Your Brain on Food, Dr. Naidoo breaks down the link between what we eat and how our brains function in a compelling, direct, and inspiring way. “I want people to feel hopeful," she says, "and really start to eat healthier for your brain health and your mental fitness."

Dr. Naidoo, who is the director of Nutritional and Lifestyle Psychiatry Services at Massachusetts General Hospital, recently joined Nichole on ‘The PrimaFoodie Podcast’ to talk more about the brain-gut connection and its riveting impact on our mental well-being. Here we break down four fascinating facts from their conversation. 

#1: Our gut and brain are inextricably connected.
The gut and brain arise from the same cells in the human embryo and then divide to form two organs, explains Dr. Naidoo. “The two organs remain connected throughout our lives by the tenth cranial nerve called the Vagus nerve” which allows for chemical messaging between the two organ systems. So throughout our lives, these organ systems are always in communication. 

#2: Most of the “happiness hormone” comes from the gut. 
More than 90 percent of our serotonin, the so-called “happiness hormone” that influences a host of human functions including mood, digestion, and sexual desire, is produced within the gut. Additionally, 70 percent of our immune system is in the gut, adds Dr. Naidoo. “So we start to understand that as we eat food, and food is digested, it is starting to interact with this two-way connection that exists between the gut and the brain.”

#3: Our microbes are critical—so we must take care of them.
The gut contains 39 odd trillion microbes, says Dr. Naidoo. While their types and roles vary, they’re mainly there to work in tandem with our body regarding vitamin production, sleep and circadian rhythm, hormones, immunity, mental health, and so much more. With this said, when we are under stress or eat unhealthy foods, those microbes become impacted and can evolve into bad microbes. “When we eat poorly, the bad microbes are fed and nurtured,” continues Dr. Naidoo. “And when we feed and nurture the bad, the bad bugs, the bad microbes, they start to take over and then they set up for gut inflammation. This is why it’s critical to nourish and care for our microbes with proper sleep, stress management, and healthy healing foods such as vegetables, fruit, beans, nuts, seeds, and legumes. As Dr. Naidoo puts it, “We want to live in community with our gut microbes.”

#4: To honor our mental health, we must eat well.
Inflammation in the gut leads to inflammation in the brain. This fact underscores why Dr. Naidoo sees food and nutrition as one of the most critical ways to care for our emotional and mental well-being. By moving away from foods that are processed and high in sugar and toward fresh, whole options “we’re immediately making a better choice for mental health and an improvement in our gut health and ultimately, our brain health.”

To learn more from Dr. Naidoo, listen to ‘The PrimaFoodie Podcast’ here. 

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: Nitrates

Nitrates have been around for centuries—even longer. A food additive widely known for its presence in deli meats, nitrates are nitrogen compounds. But are they harmful, healthy, somewhere in between? We break down the facts.

What are nitrates?

Nitrates are naturally occurring compounds that consist of oxygen and nitrogen. We say 'naturally occurring' as nitrites have an organic presence in animals, including humans, as well as in water, soil, and various plants. 

There are also added nitrates, which humans have been putting into foods. 

How do nitrates and nitrites differ?

People often talk about nitrites and nitrates interchangeably because the compounds are in the same chemical family—but there is a difference between the two. While both are oxygen and nitrogen compounds, nitrates (NO3) have three oxygen atoms that bond with one nitrogen atom, whereas nitrites (NO2) have only two oxygen atoms. 

This slight chemical variation can make a difference in how our bodies digest and convert them. When consumed, nitrates can naturally convert to nitrites in our bodies. Biological research shows nitrites and their two oxygen atoms to be more chemically prone to react with other chemicals. Additionally, some nitrites convert to nitric oxide in our bodies, a chemical that aids in brain functioning and blood flow regulation.

Where are nitrates found?

Naturally, nitrates are abundant in some vegetables, including:

• Leafy greens

• Beets

• Spinach

• Celery

Nitrates are also naturally found in animal meats, poultry, and dairy.

Why are nitrates added to foods?

While nitrates organically show up in nature, humans have been purposefully adding nitrates to foods for centuries, with some historians starting as early as 3000 BC. The main reason for adding nitrates to food is for preserving purposes. Nitrates keep bacteria, particularly clostridium botulinum, and other organisms from growing. 

But more recently, particularly in the past century with the proliferation of processed foods, nitrates were also lauded for their ability to improve the texture and appearance of meats. This is why nitrates are so widely and rightfully associated with processed meats, such as cold cuts and hot dogs. They keep these processed foods shelf-stable and give them that certain pink hue and specific texture.

Are nitrates harmful?

When it comes to naturally occurring nitrates, the research underscores that these have benefits. For one, these compounds are natural and are found in some of the most essential and healthy foods to consume, such as leafy greens. Also, as we noted, when consumed nitrates convert to nitrites which then convert to nitric oxide—and nitric oxide plays a role in regulating blood pressure, not to mention other benefits such as boosting circulation. A 2019 study found that eating dietary nitrates through about one daily cup of vegetables can reduce heart disease. Of course, other nutrients in these vegetables play a critical health role.

Now when we start looking at added nitrates, things get murkier. There’s been wide speculation that nitrates are potentially harmful to our health. Various reasons propel this: One is that when certain foods with added nitrates are cooked on high heat, the nitrates convert to nitrites which then convert to the chemical nitrosamines, which health studies have linked to cancer in laboratory animals. 

Furthermore, a 2015 report from the World Organization (WHO) flat-out said that eating processed meats could lead to colon cancer. But is this all because of the nitrates or because of other factors related to processed foods? The jury is still out on this one, but the evidence has many heads turning—so much so that WHO considers processed meats with nitrates to be a Group 1 carcinogen. 

Additionally, various advocacy groups and researchers have warned and continue to warn that added nitrates are potentially harmful and carcinogenic.  

Our PrimaFoodie Take

We confidently and wholly say: We avoid added nitrates. Our reasons vary. 

For one, we always ask: If something doesn’t need to be in a food, why add it or consume it? We now have the refrigeration capabilities to keep meats and other items fresh without the need for such preservatives. 

Also, the research mentioned above gives us great pause. Our bodies respond differently to natural nitrates versus human-manipulated and added nitrates. If WHO has been warning against nitrate-added foods, we’re listening. Like so many additives, consuming these in small amounts may be fine, but the cumulative effects could very well be dire.

But here’s the bigger conversation: Foods that contain added nitrates are often ultra-processed and filled with other manipulated and unhealthy additives. Nitrates or not, we view most processed foods as a threat to our wellbeing. Give us fresh organic vegetables and a steak over processed deli meat any day.