By Julia Hirsch

I have a confession to make: I have never composted. City living is no excuse. I have city friends who save scraps in their freezer or compost in a bankers box under a couch. Many cities (New York City and Portland, for example) have composting programs, with drop off sites and compost bins collected by the sanitation department.

With a little outdoor space, the process can be even more straight-forward. For a glimpse of idyllic country composting, I have a friend who saves her scraps in an open bowl on the kitchen counter, then flings them out to her chickens every afternoon. For those of us who don’t have a gaggle of chickens, composting can still be a simple and accessible process. For the first time, I have some outdoor space, so I am ready to try.

But first: Why should we compost? Doesn’t it all just break down in a landfill?

In the US, food waste accounts for the largest category of materials that take up landfill space. Not only does it occupy valuable space and require resources to transport, but it also breaks down without access to oxygen. When this happens, it produces methane, a harmful greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.

When we compost at home, that decomposition process can be harnessed to produce humus, a nutrient rich, organic fertilizer. Humus enriches the soil, facilitating a biodynamic process that retains moisture, cultivates beneficial bacteria and fungi, balances the pH of your soil, and suppresses plant disease. In fact, composting can actually help combat the effects of climate change. According to the EPA, an increase in just one percent of organic matter in the soil can triple the soils water retention capacity, reducing erosion. So, every little bit helps.

Getting Started

First, you’ll need a place to collect your food scraps, and a container in which to compost. For my mission, I wanted to keep it as sustainable as possible, which meant no new purchases. For the scraps, this can be as simple as a staked-out pile with chicken wire, or as complex as a multi-step tumbling system. I was lucky enough to locate an antique diaper bin for a kitchen collector: a metal bucket with a tight lid. So far it has done the job keeping odors out. For the compost bin, I found an old trash can and poked holes in the bottom and sides to welcome the essential oxygen (and worms, should they decide to contribute). For extra credit, I can rotate the compost with a pitchfork as it begins to decompose, or strap the lid on and roll the can around the yard.

Now, if you want to simplify the process further and purchase your gear, there are many streamlined bins available that you can put on your counter, if you’re composting inside. (Many of these have anti-odor features.) If you’re doing so outside, consider a heftier compost bin or barrel.

Getting Composting

The process is simple alchemy. You’ll need a combination of brown waste (dry yard scraps, cardboard, dead leaves, shredded paper), green waste (grass clippings, fruit and vegetable scraps, eggshells, coffee grounds, tea leaves), water, and air.*

Combine equal parts brown waste and green waste. The brown scraps provide carbon, while the green waste supplies nitrogen.

Add water to moisten the mixture. This allows for the organisms to digest and move. And make sure there is a little airflow. Exposure to oxygen ensures the organisms break down the materials in a way that rids any terrible odors. Now, your compost is ready to brew.

I am looking forward to seeing how this experiment goes. By the spring, maybe there will be enough compost to start a small garden.

Wishing you the best in your composting journey. Start small and see where it goes.

A Few Helpful Notes:

· Be sure to avoid composting any dairy, bones, fats, oils, and pet waste as these materials can attract vermin or contain harmful bacteria.

· For a full list of items to compost (and to avoid), see this EPA Guide.

· There are a few helpful composting resources that offer specific step-by-step guidance. These include: Rodale Institute’s Backyard Composting Cheatsheet, Modern Farmer’s 7 Secrets to Perfect Compost, Compost Junkie, and the New York Times Step-by-Step guide.