What Is processed food, really?

It’s common knowledge to know that ultra-processed foods are bad for your body and brain. Yet still, our culture is steeped with meals, markets, and festivities featuring ultra-processed treats, meats, and the like, making it seem impossible to avoid these food-like substances. Just walking into a grocery store is a game of self-defense if you veer beyond the produce section. 

But just how unhealthy are they for you? We’re here to spread the (dark) truth. Ultra-processed foods are that bad. Here’s what the latest research shows.

The Latest on Ultra-Processed Food

British researchers and doctors from the College of London’s School of Public Health recently reported study findings that show a greater consumption of ultra-processed foods may be linked to cancer, even cancer-related death. 

Health experts looked at the diets of more than 200,000 adults, all middle-aged, for more than a decade. They accessed the participants’ risks of developing cancers of any kind, paying close attention to 34 different types of cancer. Their findings are sobering: The greater the consumption of ultra-processed foods, the risk of developing cancers, particularly brain and ovarian cancer, goes up. This showed in the individual numbers. For every 10 percent increase in ultra-processed food someone ate, there showed to be a 2 percent increase in cancer and a nearly 20 percent increase in ovarian cancer in women. 

The researchers also found that with every 10 percent increase, there was a 6 percent increase in cancer-related death. 

What Are Processed and Ultra-Processed Food?

Before we dig deeper, let’s look at what the culprit actually is. Ultra-processed foods are manufactured food products and drinks made from substances extracted from foods. They contain high amounts of additives, such as colorings, fats, sugars, emulsifiers, salts, and preservatives. (When Michael Pollan famously coined the term “edible food-like substances” he was referring to ultra-processed foods.) Sadly, there are countless examples, but a few common ones include soda, deli meats, fast food, packaged cookies, salty snacks, and bread, and frozen meals. 

One step below this are processed foods (take out the ultra), which are raw foods that have undergone any processing, such as milling, cutting, heating, pasteurizing, cooking, dehydrating, and packaging. The amount of processing varies per item, with some foods considered to be minimally processed. 

Finally, unprocessed foods are what we call whole foods. These are natural foods still in their natural, unadulterated state. 

Processed Foods: A Pandemic

As grave as these findings are, they’re another layer to the cacophony of examples showing just how bad many foods out there really are. In 2015, for example, the World Health Organization called processed meats carcinogenic to humans. This was a rallying cry to the world to not eat this stuff. 

Even more concerning is the fact that more and more people are eating processed food. Several years ago, researchers at NYU assessed the diets of more than 40,000 American adults over the course of 18 years. The findings showed a 53 percent increase in the amount of ultra-processed foods they ate. 

Add to the above examples the cruel fact that giant corporations are using the savviest marketing tactics to lure you in and get you hooked on these food-like substances. 

Our Food Future

We’re the first to admit that it can be nearly impossible to never eat processed foods. But we’re advocating for what’s possible. And this means avoiding ultra-processed foods at all costs. You control what you put in your body—not giant companies or big pharma. So if anything, we hope the above alarming news—which is another research win from Europe—is a spotlight on just how critical food is to our well-being. 

Parker Brook said it best on The PrimaFoodie Podcast: “Each one of us has the power to decide what our food future is.” We hold the capability, capacity, and gumption to make better decisions for ourselves and our families—today and tomorrow.  

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: Caramel Coloring

Additives in food are as ubiquitous as they are nebulous. In our PrimaFoodie Ingredients Spotlight, we investigate common food additives to discover their origin, use, and purpose—because even when something is edible, that doesn’t mean it’s healthy or necessary.

What is Caramel Coloring?

Caramel coloring (also referred to as caramel color) is an edible brown food additive made by heating a variety of carbohydrates, such as corn, high fructose corn syrup, various types of sugar, or malt syrup.

What is the purpose of Caramel Coloring?

As its name suggests, caramel coloring gives foods and beverages a brown or caramel-like color. While the raw finished product does have a slight burnt-like caramel flavor, its main use is to provide color rather than taste.

One of the most widely used substances, caramel coloring has been a popular additive of numerous mass food manufacturers, including Coca-Cola, for more than 150 years. 

Where is Caramel Coloring found?

The wild thing about caramel coloring is just how widely used it is. Turn over any sugary mass-produced drink or snack, and there’s a high chance it contains this additive. 

The most common foods (and food-like substances) that contain caramel color include:

• Brown-colored soda, such as cola and root beer

• Fruit and vegetable juice, such as prune and apple juice

• Beer, cider, and wine

• Jam and jelly

• Bread

• Crackers

• Packaged baked goods

• Gravy 

• Condiments, including mustard

• Soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and other sauces

• Candy, including chocolate and licorice

• Bottle tea and coffee

Is Caramel Coloring Bad?

First thing first: Caramel coloring sounds harmless because of its name. (Isn't it just heated sugar?) But a deeper look at this additive, which is made from heating and manipulating various carbohydrates, shows there’s reason to pause.

Every manufacturer creates its caramel coloring a bit differently. As we noted, some heat high fructose corn syrup, a highly processed substance widely reported to cause metabolic issues. Others may use sugar or malt syrup. Depending on the main heated ingredient, some variations of caramel color contain a byproduct called 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI), which has been under scrutiny for more than two decades because of its potential carcinogenic effects. 

In 2007, the National Toxicology Program released a study examining the impact of 4-MEI on rats. While its potential carcinogenicity was deemed "inconclusive," this still caused many food sleuths to fight to ban the substance. More recently, in 2020, the National Toxicology Program published the results of another study on 4-MEI and rats to see if exposure to the chemical caused any developmental or reproductive harm. The FDA states that this study "showed reproductive and developmental effects in male and female rats at the levels tested."

For the past 10 years, California has required any manufacturers offering a product with more than 29 micrograms of 4-MeI to label it as a potential health warning. Coca-Cola reformulated its product to avoid having to place such a warning on its packaging.

The PrimaFoodie Take 

As we always do with ingredients, we went through our checklist for caramel coloring: Is this ingredient processed? Does it offer nutritional value? Is it necessary? Where does the research point? Caramel coloring is highly processed, offers zero health benefits, and is linked to carcinogenicity in studies. 

Considering all of this, we avoid foods with caramel coloring by all accounts. This additive is linked to too many concerns to warrant any place in our diets. Plus, any additive that manipulates a food's color also attempts to manipulate consumers because it makes food seem more appealing. 

One of the greatest ways we can fight against food manufacturers creating substances that are bad for our health is to read our labels, avoid additives, and thus break the demand.

What Do We Know about Vanilla?

Vanilla is rich, complex, and storied. Warm with a heady scent, it adds depth to foods in a way that's been beloved for centuries. But as ubiquitous and beloved as this natural ingredient is, vanilla is often misunderstood and a target for artificial copies.  

Marty Parisien will talk about vanilla all day. As the co-founder of Singing Dog Vanilla, an Oregon-based pure vanilla company founded in 2004, Parisien has seen it all in the industry. We called him to ask about the issues he comes across, what we should look out for when sourcing high-quality real vanilla, and why he loves working with this gorgeous ingredient. 

A Conversation with Marty Parisien

When it comes to buying real vanilla, what are some concerns about quality and integrity that you’d like people to be aware of?

The FDA designates what pure vanilla extract is—13.35 ounces of vanilla beans extracted into one gallon of 35 percent alcohol-water solution. Vanilla is one of the only flavors the FDA defines. So we have to hold to that standard. The problem is, much like with the olive oil industry, people and companies are making vanilla that doesn't comply with those rules and claiming it’s real. 

When most people buy a fake vanilla flavor, they know it's fake: [Artificial vanilla] is labeled clearly in the US. It’s usually made from a derivative of wood pulp. But the biggest problem in the US—which all of us in the vanilla industry deal with—is people going to Mexico to buy cheap vanilla that is labeled as real FDA-approved when it’s not, it’s fake. The fake stuff that people get across the border is filled with who knows what kind of chemicals. A lot of it has Tonka bean extract, which has been linked to renal failure. [Editor’s note: Tonka bean is illegal in the US.] People buy this cheap, bring it across the border, and say, ‘I got this really good vanilla. It's really strong, and it was really cheap,’ when it’s all fake and filled with a lot of bad stuff. 

What are some common misconceptions about real vanilla?

People will often tell me that they got a really good real vanilla that’s clear. Well, vanilla is not clear. There's no way to make a clear vanilla. Vanilla is brown. 

The heavy hitter is price. Vanilla—real vanilla—is very expensive. It’s the only edible fruit from an orchid. The orchid takes about five years to mature and begin flowering. When it throws out a flower in the morning, you have about four hours to hand-pollinate it before the flower drops. Then it takes about nine months for this to grow into a full big green vanilla bean, which is then picked and sun-dried like raisins in the sun every day for about two months. They’re laid out in the sun, picked back up at night, and laid out in the sun the next day. Then they’re sorted, bundled up, and put into conditioning boxes for a couple of months—and that’s when they start to smell like vanilla. 

It's fascinating because vanilla is beloved and ubiquitous, but it’s often considered ‘basic’ or ‘plain’ for those who may not fully grasp its complexity.

It is so complex! There are between 250 and 300 flavor compounds that have been identified in vanilla. So it’s amazing that we use it to mean ‘plain’ in American English. 

What’s amazing about vanilla is that you don't taste vanilla in many things, but it brings out all the other flavors. Like in a crumble or a cherry pie, you may or may not taste vanilla, but it brings out everything else. And you will notice when the vanilla is not there. It’s like a support to everything else. We don’t know exactly why it works, but it works.

We created a vanilla salt. It comes in a grinder, so you grind the salt and vanilla together. We use it on everything from pineapple slices to fresh crab, seared steak, and salmon. It’s amazing what it does. Salt and vanilla are two things that bring out the flavor.

What is important to look out for when purchasing real vanilla?

Look to see that it was extracted in the USA. Price is an indicator. Price is a marker Like olive oil, truffle oil, or anything that can be faked. Vanilla is expensive. You should always be able to call or email the vendor and ask for a certification of analysis. We have this for every batch we extract. It’s also important to see that the alcohol used to mix is derived from a botanic source, not petroleum. Ours is from organic cane sugar. We do this rather than corn or soy because of allergies. 

But again, I always encourage customers to ask questions. If you’re concerned about the quality or the alcohol used, contact the vendor and ask. There are some really good vanillas out there, and the good companies will answer your questions. 

What do you love about vanilla and working in this industry?

You meet a lot of really interesting people in this business, both on the supplier side and on the customer side. I’ve met chefs all over. I’ve met mothers whose children are allergic to ingredients, and they’re so grateful we can tell them everything in our vanilla because we're transparent about ingredients. I’ve met many different people from around the world. I think that's been the most interesting part of this business. It reaches everywhere because everybody has a story about vanilla.

You can learn more about Marty and Singing Dog Vanilla at singingdogvanilla.com.

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: Guar Gum

Additives in food are as ubiquitous as they are nebulous. In our PrimaFoodie Ingredients Spotlight, we investigate common food additives to discover their origin, use, and purpose. Because just because something is edible doesn’t mean it’s healthy—or necessary.

Guar gum is everywhere these days. A staple in various processed goods, from alternative milk to gluten-free goods, this binding agent makes foods thicker. Since it's an additive, however, we wanted to examine it. Here's everything you need to know. 

What is Guar Gum?

Often referred to as gellan gum, Guar gum is a galactomannan, a polysaccharide (carbohydrate) found in the cell walls of guar gum beans, which grows on Cyamopsis tetragonolobus plants native to Pakistan and India. Cultivators de-husk and mill the shells of the beans, which then is turned into a powder food additive. Guar gum has high water-absorbing capabilities, making it an effective way to thicken soups, milk, and other foods.

What does Guar Gum do?

The primary purpose of guar gum is to make food thicker and palatable. Because it rapidly absorbs water, guar gum creates a gel-like consistency. Used as an emulsifier, it bolsters the texture of certain foods. These include: 

• Yogurt 

• Nut and plant milk

• Ice cream

• Canned soups 

• Protein bars

• Supplement powders

• Vitamins

• Gluten-free baked goods

Farmers grow guar gum beans on several continents. While it's used as an emulsifier in personal care and household products, most guar gum is found in foods today. It's also available on its own.

Is Guar Gum Bad?

Research on guar gum and its potential issues is limited. Still, some studies have shown it to interfere with the gut microbiome. Because it absorbs water quickly, research has also shown it interferes with the digestive system. Popular diet pills and appetite-curbing supplements include guar gum because it causes food to swell in the stomach, leading to a feeling of fullness.

Our PrimaFoodie Take

Like any additive, we're hesitant to give guar gum a thumbs up. The fewer additives, the better, in our book. We advise paying attention, reading labels, and seeing how this additive impacts your digestive system. 

Further reading: The Primafoodie Ingredient Spotlight on Soy Lec.

What does ethical meat look like? A Conversation with the founders of Pasture PDX

Pasture PDX is a butcher shop doing things differently. At least, differently by conventional American standards. Founders Kei Ohdera and HJ Schaible take a European approach to their butchery, sourcing retired dairy cows and using the entire animal for butcher cuts and meats for their Portland, Oregon deli and butcher shop. Every cow Ohdera and Schaible acquires comes from a regenerative farmer they know who has raised the animal ethically and humanely. 

Ohdera and Schaible’s approach is common in Europe and other parts of the world. However, it’s rare here in the US, where the corporate concentration of meat production and factory farming are growing issues. Only four companies dominate the production—more than 80 percent—of our nation’s meat. This monopoly comes at the cost of many, including small farmers, animal welfare, and the health of our planet. 

We recently spoke to Ohdera and Schaible about being more conscious meat consumers. By focusing on ethical animal husbandry—an all-encompassing term that describes the mindful day-to-day care of animals raised for meat, dairy, and other products—Ohdera and Schaible are bringing high-quality meats to their customers while also supporting a more inclusive, humane, and ethical local food system.  

A Conversation with Kei Ohdera and HJ Schaible

You take a European-style approach to butchery, and source retired dairy cows for your meat. Please walk us through why this is unique and ethical.

Ohdera: Our whole project was inspired by sourcing retired dairy cows. It's historically done quite often in European countries because there's a lot of logic to it, even though we have yet to be able to reestablish that supply chain here. The thought is that the animal is raised to live a longer life and provides a product to the community that has value through the milk and everything else, and then the meat. So not only does it have incredible flavor, the animal is living longer. Also, when farmers have the right rotational program, it's also helping the soil. But mainly, you're providing a product to the community, not just raising these animals just to be slaughtered.

A lot of commodity ground beef will be combined with hundreds of different animals. The farmer typically gets underpaid for these cows, and [the cow and meat] are not respected in the same way.

Why is the US meat industry complex for smaller farmers? What are some issues you're seeing?

Ohdera: The USDA holds too firm a grip on these small producers. There aren't enough slaughterhouses. For instance, there used to be 32 slaughterhouses in Oregon. For a myriad of reasons, there are only eight to 10 remaining. Some burned in the fire a few years ago, and others shut down because it's a tough industry to turn a profit. It's also challenging work because the USDA has such strong oversight. Many of these smaller producers can only sell directly to consumers if they sell it by half a cow or a quarter. So, with the smaller producers, in terms of retired dairy cows, they don't have the time or the infrastructure to take these animals down to the auction. So typically, they hire somebody to come pick up the animal, then it goes down to auction, where it won't get a premium price.

It's hard to talk about the meat industry and not touch upon the big feed lots throughout this country. I see them when I drive I-5 from San Francisco to Los Angeles: fenced-in areas with tons and tons of cows packed in. What is essential to know about these?

Schaible: That's a huge industry, and, going back to what Kei touched on, the USDA has played into it. The beef industry—or the meat industry—is massive. Multiple countries have a hold on it. The idea that meat should be your source of protein and you, therefore, must eat a lot of meat and drink a lot of milk has been pushed forward so much here in the US.

Ohdera: In terms of these big feedlots, the animals aren't being treated very well. They're not given the space that they need. Their diet is typically a lot of grain, which is not good for their health and not good for our health. When you say you're driving to LA, you have a high concentration of animals in one particular area because that's where the land is cheap. So these big producers buy up the ground, and then they raise a ton of animals on them, and they end up not contributing to the health of the soil because there are too many animals in one place. Also, all of that waste gets concentrated and often wastes into the water supply, which is not supposed to happen. So that is both environmentally and ethically speaking in terms of the animal's welfare.

If someone wants to support a more ethical meat industry, how can they be more conscious about the meat they consume?

Schaible: Something that Kei and I talk about a lot is eating less meat in general. Even though we're a butcher shop, we encourage people to eat what's necessary and to engage in more conscious buying. Many of our customers, as well as people who walk in for our lunch menu, are aware that we're taking one whole animal, breaking it down, and turning it into our menu in retail. So we focus on showing people and informing them of certain cuts, how to prepare them, and the quantity for the amount that they're feeding.

So again, even though our bread and butter is butchery, we encourage people to have a more mindful approach to buying meat and how much, and also to consider how much vegetables or starches they're eating with it. Instead of doing the whole slab of meat on a plate, we inform people that you're going to be spending a premium price for grass-fed locally raised meat, so respect it.

What should someone look out for when they're more consciously buying meat? Are there markers to seek or questions to ask?

Ohdera: It's a tough question to answer because there are a lot of tag words used for branding. You may see the word organic, but that doesn't always mean that the lives of these animals are being considered. It typically does because somebody likely wouldn't go through the licensing process to just mess it up in terms of how they raised the animals. Increasingly, smaller producers who are ethically minded are using the term regenerative. That means considering the health of the soil and the total environment that the animals are in, and so it's contributing back instead of just taking from the land.

To support and learn more about Kei Ohdera and HJ Schaible and their butcher shop, Pasture PDX, visit pasturepdx.com.

The Critical Organ Connection a Nutritional Psychiatrist Wants Us All to Know

It may seem obvious that fresh arugula will nourish your brain while a candy bar will deplete it, but Dr. Uma Naidoo helps us see why. A nutritional psychiatrist and author of the bestseller This Is Your Brain on Food, Dr. Naidoo breaks down the link between what we eat and how our brains function in a compelling, direct, and inspiring way. “I want people to feel hopeful," she says, "and really start to eat healthier for your brain health and your mental fitness."

Dr. Naidoo, who is the director of Nutritional and Lifestyle Psychiatry Services at Massachusetts General Hospital, recently joined Nichole on ‘The PrimaFoodie Podcast’ to talk more about the brain-gut connection and its riveting impact on our mental well-being. Here we break down four fascinating facts from their conversation. 

#1: Our gut and brain are inextricably connected.
The gut and brain arise from the same cells in the human embryo and then divide to form two organs, explains Dr. Naidoo. “The two organs remain connected throughout our lives by the tenth cranial nerve called the Vagus nerve” which allows for chemical messaging between the two organ systems. So throughout our lives, these organ systems are always in communication. 

#2: Most of the “happiness hormone” comes from the gut. 
More than 90 percent of our serotonin, the so-called “happiness hormone” that influences a host of human functions including mood, digestion, and sexual desire, is produced within the gut. Additionally, 70 percent of our immune system is in the gut, adds Dr. Naidoo. “So we start to understand that as we eat food, and food is digested, it is starting to interact with this two-way connection that exists between the gut and the brain.”

#3: Our microbes are critical—so we must take care of them.
The gut contains 39 odd trillion microbes, says Dr. Naidoo. While their types and roles vary, they’re mainly there to work in tandem with our body regarding vitamin production, sleep and circadian rhythm, hormones, immunity, mental health, and so much more. With this said, when we are under stress or eat unhealthy foods, those microbes become impacted and can evolve into bad microbes. “When we eat poorly, the bad microbes are fed and nurtured,” continues Dr. Naidoo. “And when we feed and nurture the bad, the bad bugs, the bad microbes, they start to take over and then they set up for gut inflammation. This is why it’s critical to nourish and care for our microbes with proper sleep, stress management, and healthy healing foods such as vegetables, fruit, beans, nuts, seeds, and legumes. As Dr. Naidoo puts it, “We want to live in community with our gut microbes.”

#4: To honor our mental health, we must eat well.
Inflammation in the gut leads to inflammation in the brain. This fact underscores why Dr. Naidoo sees food and nutrition as one of the most critical ways to care for our emotional and mental well-being. By moving away from foods that are processed and high in sugar and toward fresh, whole options “we’re immediately making a better choice for mental health and an improvement in our gut health and ultimately, our brain health.”

To learn more from Dr. Naidoo, listen to ‘The PrimaFoodie Podcast’ here. 

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: Nitrates

Nitrates have been around for centuries—even longer. A food additive widely known for its presence in deli meats, nitrates are nitrogen compounds. But are they harmful, healthy, somewhere in between? We break down the facts.

What are nitrates?

Nitrates are naturally occurring compounds that consist of oxygen and nitrogen. We say 'naturally occurring' as nitrites have an organic presence in animals, including humans, as well as in water, soil, and various plants. 

There are also added nitrates, which humans have been putting into foods. 

How do nitrates and nitrites differ?

People often talk about nitrites and nitrates interchangeably because the compounds are in the same chemical family—but there is a difference between the two. While both are oxygen and nitrogen compounds, nitrates (NO3) have three oxygen atoms that bond with one nitrogen atom, whereas nitrites (NO2) have only two oxygen atoms. 

This slight chemical variation can make a difference in how our bodies digest and convert them. When consumed, nitrates can naturally convert to nitrites in our bodies. Biological research shows nitrites and their two oxygen atoms to be more chemically prone to react with other chemicals. Additionally, some nitrites convert to nitric oxide in our bodies, a chemical that aids in brain functioning and blood flow regulation.

Where are nitrates found?

Naturally, nitrates are abundant in some vegetables, including:

• Leafy greens

• Beets

• Spinach

• Celery

Nitrates are also naturally found in animal meats, poultry, and dairy.

Why are nitrates added to foods?

While nitrates organically show up in nature, humans have been purposefully adding nitrates to foods for centuries, with some historians starting as early as 3000 BC. The main reason for adding nitrates to food is for preserving purposes. Nitrates keep bacteria, particularly clostridium botulinum, and other organisms from growing. 

But more recently, particularly in the past century with the proliferation of processed foods, nitrates were also lauded for their ability to improve the texture and appearance of meats. This is why nitrates are so widely and rightfully associated with processed meats, such as cold cuts and hot dogs. They keep these processed foods shelf-stable and give them that certain pink hue and specific texture.

Are nitrates harmful?

When it comes to naturally occurring nitrates, the research underscores that these have benefits. For one, these compounds are natural and are found in some of the most essential and healthy foods to consume, such as leafy greens. Also, as we noted, when consumed nitrates convert to nitrites which then convert to nitric oxide—and nitric oxide plays a role in regulating blood pressure, not to mention other benefits such as boosting circulation. A 2019 study found that eating dietary nitrates through about one daily cup of vegetables can reduce heart disease. Of course, other nutrients in these vegetables play a critical health role.

Now when we start looking at added nitrates, things get murkier. There’s been wide speculation that nitrates are potentially harmful to our health. Various reasons propel this: One is that when certain foods with added nitrates are cooked on high heat, the nitrates convert to nitrites which then convert to the chemical nitrosamines, which health studies have linked to cancer in laboratory animals. 

Furthermore, a 2015 report from the World Organization (WHO) flat-out said that eating processed meats could lead to colon cancer. But is this all because of the nitrates or because of other factors related to processed foods? The jury is still out on this one, but the evidence has many heads turning—so much so that WHO considers processed meats with nitrates to be a Group 1 carcinogen. 

Additionally, various advocacy groups and researchers have warned and continue to warn that added nitrates are potentially harmful and carcinogenic.  

Our PrimaFoodie Take

We confidently and wholly say: We avoid added nitrates. Our reasons vary. 

For one, we always ask: If something doesn’t need to be in a food, why add it or consume it? We now have the refrigeration capabilities to keep meats and other items fresh without the need for such preservatives. 

Also, the research mentioned above gives us great pause. Our bodies respond differently to natural nitrates versus human-manipulated and added nitrates. If WHO has been warning against nitrate-added foods, we’re listening. Like so many additives, consuming these in small amounts may be fine, but the cumulative effects could very well be dire.

But here’s the bigger conversation: Foods that contain added nitrates are often ultra-processed and filled with other manipulated and unhealthy additives. Nitrates or not, we view most processed foods as a threat to our wellbeing. Give us fresh organic vegetables and a steak over processed deli meat any day. 

This Annual Natural Products Expo Compels Us Every Year. Still, Were Surprised at What We Found and Learned This Year

Of all our efforts to reveal the health hazards in our food system, our most recent eye-opening education came from an unexpected place: Natural Products Expo West. 

If you’re not familiar, Expo West is an annual gathering in Anaheim, California that attracts manufacturers, distributors, practitioners, media, and educators in the business of natural and organic lifestyle products. (There’s also a yearly sister event, ‘Expo East’ that happens in Philadelphia.) A giant exhibition, it’s a rush of discovery and connection. Brands from all over come to tout their health-focused foods, vitamins, and personal care items. They wax poetic about innovations in the industry, from newly revealed super ingredients or sustainable ways to package. 

In many ways, Expo West is a place we tap into our energy. So many people here are our people—those who’ve built smaller brands dedicated to providing a clean, just, equitable way to provide better, more wholesome products. But in truth, there’s still a lot that lives between the lines here. This crush of creators, marketers, and information—as exciting as it all is—demanded our most discerning hats. The following are some of the biggest things we learned this year.

#1: Small Brands Have It Hard

As Nichole and Adrienne walked the aisles, they talked to many smaller food brands. Some brands were more established, others new to the industry. The drive fueling these companies was infectious: Their goal was to create high-quality, healthy food products for the masses. Yet they all faced a challenge: How to grow in a sea of corporate food giants without compromising their values. 

The consensus among these brands is that it’s hard to keep up in a market dominated by giant companies that put profits over health. This shows us mostly in ingredients. Let’s say a small brand starts by using a high-quality natural alternative to sugar, such as dates. They market this choice as a healthier option, which it is. But dates are expensive, and when a company needs to scale beyond a niche audience, they may choose to nix the dates for less costly sugar. This is especially true if a brand wants to get shelf space in a mass-market grocery store. 

So what gives? We don’t have the answer here. In many ways, we’d rather see a brand make some concessions if it’s still providing a better alternative to the conventional mass-produced options. On the other hand, it’s unfortunate how steep a hill many values-aligned food brands must climb. 

#2: We Need to Continue to Read Our Ingredients

Let’s stay on the topic of small brands scaling. We were thrilled to see so many boutique companies striving to reach a broader audience, whether this means selling to larger markets or scaling their manufacturing to meet demands. But as we’ve mentioned, many end up altering their ingredients to keep up. This may mean swapping one ingredient for a less expensive one. But it also includes incorporating additives that bolster a product’s shelf life or enrich its consistency. For instance, we saw brands incorporating guar gum for shelf stabilization when they didn’t include this ingredient last year. (We also found loads of sugar and erythritol in certain products.) This is part of the business cycle, as these brands need to grow and reach a broader market. 

The onus is on us to keep learning and reading our ingredients. Our takeaway: Never take a product’s ingredient list for granted. One brand may start with a limited and clean ingredients list when selling at a farmer’s market, but once they reach a broader consumer base, they start to weave in things that may or may not be healthy. We must stay educated and know our ingredients.  It’s a hard truth: Most food companies don't exist for our health. They exist to sell their product. So keep picking up and turning over every product.

#4: Every Choice—Big or Small—Matters

It can be overwhelming to always stay positive and joyful in the face of wellness. (Note: We’ll be exploring this topic in an upcoming feature!) At PrimaFoodie, we lean into clean, healthy food every day, and still, we recognize how it can be a slog at times. Especially when a supposed clean brand starts including subpar ingredients. What? Does this bar have erythritol in it? But here’s what we want to say: Small decisions matter. Tiny steps make a difference. For instance, it may be impossible to completely rid packaged foods from your diet right now. But by swapping out conventional crackers for ones made by a smaller brand that uses cleaner ingredients, you’re choosing your health that you can build on. You’re also supporting the companies who are fighting the good fight in a giant and still corrupt food system.

This sentiment underscores why we love to offer you recipes. Starting by cooking one more meal at home than you usually do can lead to a giant difference. This creates momentum for more healthy decisions. 

We call these the small wins—and they’re one of the best things we can do for our health, hands down.  

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Olive Oil

Olive oil is one of the most popular kitchen staples. “In most of our pantries is a bottle of olive oil, “says Alison Carroll, founder of the California-based olive oil company Wonder Valley. Still, like so many staples, this golden liquid is a mystery. We might douse it on our salads and in our pans, but how much do we know about where it comes from and—most importantly—how to spot a high-quality one? Here, we break it all down.

Olive Oil 101

Olive oil is the bright, often golden, sometimes green liquid that comes from pressing the olive fruit. It’s deemed oil and used and treated as such, but olive oil is technically a fruit juice. Used for centuries as a means of cooking, dressing, and adding depth and flavor to dishes (some historical records date its use to 2000 BC), olive oil is beloved for its fruity taste and abundant healthy unsaturated fats.

What are the different types of olive oil?

Extra virgin, light, cold-pressed—there are various types or “grades” of olive oil. Mostly, these modifiers are linked to when the olives are harvested and how the juice is extracted and handled. But there’s so much more here, including incredible flavor, smell, and feel. 

A quick note on acid: Olives naturally have fatty acids. One of the main types is called oleic acid, which makes up the majority (70 to 80 percent) of olive oil. A true extra virgin olive oil has a lower acidity than other olive oils, generally below 2 percent.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil

The gold standard for olive oil, extra virgin is touted as the tastiest, purest form. When oil is deemed extra virgin, it means it’s the first pressing from the olives (sometimes olives are pressed several times to extract the most juice), and the juice has been extracted using a cold-pressed method—a chemical and heat-free process. Once extracted, the juice is then kept pure, and never heated, pasteurized, or refined. Extra virgin olive oil is usually the fruitiest, most peppery olive oil with the lowest natural acidity. A true high-quality olive oil has no defects, such as poor taste or “fustiness,” fermentation that happens from a lack of oxygen.

*PrimaNote: Extra virgin olive oil is the only type we choose. Still, quality can vary when it comes to extra virgin olive oil. That’s because there are no regulated standards for stating an oil is such. As Carroll says, lab analysis and a professional taste panel determine quality. “And because of this subjective science, many oils can unjustly label a defective/ lower quality oil as extra virgin.” 

Olio Nuevo

This is a type of extra virgin olive oil that comes from the very first olive harvest of the year. These olives are super young and green, giving olio nuevo varieties a bright green color and a strong peppery taste. This is touted to have the highest levels of nutrients, including polyphenols.

Virgin olive Oil

Virgin olive oil is still supposed to be high quality from the first pressing of an olive. It’s also unrefined. The difference from an extra virgin is that a virgin oil often has some defects.  

Light Olive Oil

This is oil that’s been refined and treated to rid any impurities. Usually from a second or third extraction, it lacks in color and taste, and even in nutrients. The “light” here can be misleading because olive oil is fat, so it can’t be light, in any sense. While some may like this variety because of its lighter taste, we recommend opting for another neutral oil if that’s the case. (Simply put, we avoid this type of olive oil at all costs.)

Pure Olive Oil

In theory, all olive oils should be pure, so this word is a red flag. Essentially, pure or light olive oils are refined options that are a blend of various types, such as virgin and refined. 

Shopping for Olive Oil: What to Look For

Now that we’ve outlined the different types, we’re going to strictly refer to extra virgin olive oil from here on out.

Finding a great, high-quality, real extra virgin olive oil can be hard. Countless companies claim to offer a true option when they’re mislabeling, mixing, or offering stale or fake oils. Here’s what to look out for to make sure you grab a stellar bottle:

Harvest Date

A harvest date is one of the most critical things to look for—NOT an expiration date, which can mean nothing. A harvest date tells you when the olives were crushed. And given that olive oil doesn’t have a long shelf life—a great oil should be consumed within a year, ideally six months—it’s best to aim for the freshest oil possible. 

For context, here’s what Alison Carroll has to say: “The harvest date is the most essential component on the bottle. Expiration dates can be arbitrary and overgenerous. When you see a harvest date, what you are buying is something that is freshly pressed and doesn’t have a long shelf life.”

Sustainable Packaging

Aim for oil that’s packaged in a sustainable material like aluminum, stainless steel, or dark glass. Each of these blocks UV rays, which can break down the oil, and don’t leach chemicals into the juice. 

A List of the Types of Olive Varieties

If a company is offering a high-quality oil, they’ll spell out the olive varietals that have been pressed—i.e. if they’re olives from Italy, Spain, Portugal, California, or elsewhere. This level of transparency usually means the company cares. 

But let’s dig deeper: We encourage skepticism over inexpensive oils labeled “Product of Greece” for instance without listing the varietals. It can be quite likely that the olives weren’t grown or pressed in that country, but rather they were just bottled in that country. This is a tactic many companies use to buy cheap oil from around the world, blend them, then call them a “Product of Greece” when they’re a product of several countries, and of poor quality. As Carroll says, “Read the fine print on the label. The front label could say, for example, ‘Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Tuscany’ but on the back label you see ‘product of Tunisia, Italy, Spain, Greece.’ This is common for cheap olive oils.”

In general, aim to buy olive oil that derives all from one place.

How to store your olive oil

This is key: Place your oil away from heat and light (even when it’s packaged in a proper container). And use it up! We love what Carroll says about using high-quality olive oil: Enjoy it! Experience it! “A lot of our context with olive oil is that it’s this ubiquitous condiment and usually next to vinegar (which ages wonderfully),” she says. “Don’t be precious with it and let it sit and collect dust. Store it away from direct heat or sunlight, not next to a sunny window or stove. A pantry is great.”

A Few PrimaFavorite Extra Virgin Olive Oil Companies
These are some oils derived from a single source and produced by companies who care. 

McEvoy Ranch
Wonder Valley
Brightland
Nuvo Olive Oil
Fat Gold
Kosterina Everyday Olive Oil 

Curious to learn more about cooking with olive oil? Check out our Guide to Cooking with Oils and Fats. 

Exploring the Purity and Allure of Extra Virgin Olive Oil with Alison Carroll

By Stacey Lindsay

One look at Wonder Valley, the naturalist collection of pure extra virgin olive oils and olive oil products, and you’d think its founder was obsessed with the gold liquid for their entire life. 

In truth, Alison Carroll began looking closely at olive oil and its nuances when she started working at the California Olive Oil Council. “It was like discovering gold hiding in plain sight,” she tells us of what she learned. “I am someone who buys most of their produce at the farmers market, grew up working on farms, loves to forage, and has apprenticed in kitchens —but I never really gave much thought to olive oil.”

Once she started to dig in, learning about the notes, freshness, cultivation, and industry, Carroll fell deeper in love with olive oil. So much so that in 2014 she and her husband, Jay, launched Wonder Valley in Joshua Tree, California. The collection, which includes freshly harvested extra virgin olive oil from California and olive oil-based skin care products, is as aesthetically stunning as it is pure. Bottles that exude the bohemian allure of the high desert hold extra virgin olive oil, which is cold-pressed unrefined olive oil of the highest grade, that is fresh, buttery, and rich in polyphenols. 

This is a bold mission, given how the olive oil industry is filled with companies claiming to offer a pure extra virgin product when they’re bottling stale, mixed, or even fraudulent oils. To this end, Carroll and her husband dedicate much of their energy to education around transparency, freshness, and all-around great oil. 

We asked Carroll to fill us in on what to look out for when sourcing an extra virgin olive oil. She offers her expert insight, as well as why driving her own business for nearly the past decade has given her such purpose. “It feels like being in the California wine industry back in the 60s as it's just starting to take off,” she says. “I feel lucky to be involved at such an exciting time and to contribute to growing the awareness of California’s incredible olive oil industry.” 

A Conversation with Alison Carroll of Wonder Valley

There are countless olive oil companies out there claiming to sell great extra virgin olive oil when they’re actually not. What concerns you in the olive oil industry that you’d like people to be aware of? 

The process of certifying olive oil as extra grade is a rather complicated one. The first step is lab analysis, which is a straightforward process that will confirm things like the polyphenol count —which will tell us that it is, in fact, a freshly pressed, not old olive oil. Lab analysis also reveals any fraudulent oils that might be cut with seed oils or older virgin-grade oils. But it can miss a lot of the more nuanced defects that disqualify an oil from extra virgin grade—defects that only a trained professional olive oil panel can notice. 

My former role was to oversee the taste panel for the California Olive Oil Council, the only one of its kind in North America. This organization was formed to put transparency on an unregulated industry and give meaning to the term ‘extra virgin’. There are counterpart panels throughout the world with the same task of sniffing and tasting any potential defects in the olive oils of their region. While the COOC’s panel does evaluate the majority of olive oils made in California (which really represents all domestic production), there is no requirement to submit your oil. The complications are that the evaluation is a human process, that it needs to happen annually with each harvest, that it's a voluntary process for producers, and that the number of trained olive oil tasters is eclipsed by the volume of olive oil out there and does not include imported oils.

If someone were to start investigating high-quality, pure olive oil, what are some things to watch out for? 

Keep in mind that olive oil is a fruit juice, and unlike wine, it doesn’t age well. Olive oil’s enemies are light, time, and heat. Oxidation (the defect is called rancidity) is a very common issue for olive oil and even the best extra virgin grade oil will eventually turn rancid with time. This is why a harvest date is essential, so you know when it was made. Read the fine print on the label. The front label could say, for example, ‘Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Tuscany’ but on the back label you see ‘product of Tunisia, Italy, Spain, Greece.’ This is common for cheap olive oils. What this tells us is that it’s impossible to know really when this olive oil was made or to have transparency on the process of growing or production. 

Alison Carroll with an olive oil harvest.

Glass or metal is best for storing, not plastic, which will make the oil more vulnerable to extreme temperatures. Dark glass will help with UV protection and extend the shelf life. 

If you’re taking the time and care to invest in high-quality extra virgin olive oil enjoy it! A lot of our context with olive oil is that it’s this ubiquitous condiment and usually next to vinegar (which ages wonderfully). Don’t be precious with it and let it sit and collect dust. Store it away from direct heat or sunlight, not next to a sunny window or stove. A pantry is great. 

Remember to use it up, cook with it—and savor it.

Why is a harvest date more important than an expiration date?

The harvest date is the most essential component on the bottle. Expiration dates can be arbitrary and overgenerous. When you see a harvest date, what you are buying is something that is freshly pressed and doesn’t have a long shelf life. 

For your company, Wonder Valley, you pick your olives “under-ripe”? What benefits does this offer?

All olives start a pale green then mature to purple hues and then when fully ripe turn a deep black. It’s an easier process to harvest overripe olives. Think about any time you’ve picked fruit: it’s harder to pull that blueberry off the bush when it's green. Also, harvesting fruit that’s overly ripe and juicy gives a bigger yield. But harvesting olives on the greener side gives us an oil with a higher concentration of polyphenols, a longer shelf life, and a very bright and robust flavor that—to me—stands out. You can notice the olive oil in a dish. 

What do you love most about olive oil?

I love that olive oil is both elemental and a common denominator. In most of our pantries is a bottle of olive oil. Even with the widespread food allergies and dietary preferences, olive oil is still something we all use, perhaps daily. And a very good olive oil can make something simple like a salad extraordinary.

Alison Carroll in the California desert.

To learn more about Wonder Valley and pure extra virgin olive oil, visit welcometowondervalley.com.

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: MSG

PrimaFoodie Ingredient Spotlight: MSG
Additives in food are as ubiquitous as they are nebulous. In our PrimaFoodie Ingredients Spotlight, we investigate common food additives to discover their origin, use, and purpose. Because just because something is edible doesn’t mean it’s healthy—or necessary.

What Is MSG?
Monosodium glutamate, commonly referred to as MSG, is a food-grade salt compound derived from glutamic acid in seaweed and various vegetables. Glutamic acid is a ubiquitous naturally occurring non-essential amino acid found in most living things, from animals to plant life to humans. The food-grade MSG used today is primarily extracted from corn, beets, molasses, and sugar cane.

How is MSG used?
MSG is a flavor enhancer that adds richness and depth to foods often referred to as umami, the fifth taste. For more than a century it’s been a go-to additive used by chefs, companies, home cooks, and more.

MSG is commonly associated with take-out Asian foods, but the truth is that it’s added to a host of conventionally prepared, processed, and packaged foods—and you’d likely never suspect it. These include:

• Salad dressings

• Condiments, such as ketchup and mustard

• Marinades and seasonings

• Spices

• Fast food

• Restaurant foods, specifically from mass-chains

• Packaged soups

• Frozen meals

• Instant noodles 

Editor’s note: While MSG is naturally found in many foods, most notably certain cheeses and savory vegetables, like tomatoes, here we’re referring to the human-created flavor enhancer.

When was MSG discovered?
In the early 20th century, Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda discovered that a certain kelp added a savory richness to his kelp soup. As he dug deeper he learned that the glutamic acid in the kelp naturally carried this ability to bring out a food’s unique depths. Ikeda eventually found a way to extract and package the monosodium glutamate. Since then, it has taken off commercially.

Is MSG bad for your health?
In the century-plus since MSG has been in existence, people have been eating it generously. The FDA deems it “GRAS”, which translates to “generally recognized as safe” for consumption—which is nebulous terminology that doesn’t necessarily deem if something is, in fact, safe for our health. (Note: Food substances recognized as GRAS do not go through the same reviews as foods labeled as FDA-approved.) The FDA does require MSG to be included in ingredient lists.

Okay, so MSG is legal. But is it bad for your health? That’s a heated debate. Around the 1960s a heated campaign against MSG infused media headlines, pointing fingers at Asian restaurants for infusing foods with the vilified ingredients. This inspired advocates of the flavor enhancer to speak out in favor of it. Many believe since it’s a natural-occurring substance it poses no threat to humans. MSG advocacy groups have sprouted, as have studies that show no link to health concerns. 

Then there’s the other school, which believes MSG to be a toxic additive that poses health concerns. One study found MSG to potentially cause nerve and brain damage in laboratory animals. Others have found it to be the culprit of a host of reactions, including sweating, chest pain, headaches, and numbness. Researchers in the medical field have referred to these reactions as MSG System Complex. 

The PrimaFoodie take on MSG.
Simply put, MSG is an additive, and like any additive, it causes us to pause. The two biggest factors behind our stance are the fact that it’s a processed additive, and it’s everywhere, which means it can have a cumulative effect. 

MSG is a naturally-occurring substance in its organic form, but when it’s extracted from a source and turned into an additive, it’s processed in some way. And while it’s impossible to totally avoid processed foods these days, we aim to limit them as much as possible. Add to this that MSG is found in many foods, so while it may be technically fine to consume in small to moderate doses, what happens when we eat it consistently all the time? It compounds in our systems. 

We’re also concerned by the limited research around MSG. The FDA may state it to be “generally safe,” but this gives us zero confidence that it’s truly okay to eat. 

For this reason, we avoid MSG at all costs. We suggest reading labels and asking the brands or companies if they include it, and why. There are plenty of foods naturally rich in umami flavor—so why opt for a manipulated version?

This is the question to ask. 

Curious to learn more about what’s in your food? Check out our other Ingredient Spotlights.

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Eggs

If a trip to the egg section in the grocery store ever left you dizzy, you’re not alone. All those cartons. All those labels. What do they all mean? It’s hard not to get lost in the weeds, let alone be duped by clever marketing.

The food label conundrum can be quite convoluted—particularly when it comes to animal products. As we unveiled with our Meat and Poultry Guide, companies will often use certain terms—i.e. natural, free range—that sound great but don’t amount to anything meaningful. Egg cartons are notorious for boasting a ton of jargon that means very little. What’s the difference between cage-free, pasture-raised, and humanely harvested?

Here, we take a look. As you’ll see, there are both wide-ranging and subtle differences in the terminology. Some stand for nothing, while others stand for good measures toward better health, animal welfare, and environmental care.

Decoding the Label: Sourcing Humane and Healthy Eggs

Most of the corporate factory egg farming industry overlooks general societal welfare. Industrial hen houses have been linked to the spread of infectious diseases, wide-spread antibiotic use, and horrific animal abuse. Therefore, choosing eggs that come from humane, clean sources is a way to support your health, as well as a more just, transparent food system.

Label: Organic

What it means: When it comes to the USDA’s seals, Certified Organic carries weight. Similar to other USDA certified organic animal products, these eggs come from hens that have been raised and fed in ways that “promote ecological balance and converse biodiversity” and omit the use of any GMO ingredients or synthetic substances, including fertilizers. This means the nutritional value of these eggs is organic by USDA standards. The USDA also mandates that the hens are uncaged, can freely roam, and have outdoors access. But there are no requirements for this “outdoor” space, so it could be bucolic and open, or it could be cramped and dark. Therefore, USDA Organic on its own is good, but not necessarily the most humane. Keep reading for what to pair with the label Organic.

The PrimaFoodie Take: Always look for certified organic eggs.

Label: Certified-Humane

What it means: Certified-Humane means that the hens live a life of dignity, fair-treatment, and care with no cramped cages in sight. The seal is given by the non-profit organization Humane Farm Animal Care, which fights for the fair treatment of farm animals. (Similar with meat and poultry, third-party certifications from non-profits are key to finding quality humane products.) To be given the certified humane approval, the farmers must prove that their hens are given ample space (a minimum of 1.5 square feet per bird in a barn); quality-of-life enrichments like perches and materials for dust bathing; access to clean housing, water, and air; access to natural light; and fed nutritious foods with no added growth hormones or unnecessary antibiotics. (Note: The modifier “Humane” without a third-party certification does not guarantee anything.)

The PrimaFoodie Take: Always look for certified-human eggs, ideally paired with the certified organic label.

Label: Certified Animal Welfare Approved

What it means: Another respected and highly important seal. Similar to Certified Humane, eggs that are Certified Animal Welfare Approved come from hens that are treated with care and consideration. This independent label, which is run by the non-profit, A Greener World, requires farmers to follow rigorous standards for its laying hens, which includes clean food and water, access to ample outdoor space and light, and other requirements that mirror a natural environment. The strict standards for AWA are similar to those of HFAC Certified-Humane, except A Greener World typically works with smaller companies.

The PrimaFoodie Take: Certified Animal Welfare Approved is great, ideally paired with the certified organic label.

Label: Cage-Free

What it means: This term is regulated by the USDA. In order for eggs to be deemed Cage-Free, the farmer must prove that the hens are not housed in cages, are allowed to freely roam, and have “unlimited” access to water and food. This seal is more humane than a traditional factory farm situation that houses hens in cages, which often causes their muscles to atrophy. However, the USDA does not mandate that the farmer allow the hens freedom to roam in the outdoors, nor does it stipulate how crowded the space can be. Therefore, it’s common for cage-free hens to live mostly indoors in cramped and sometimes inhumane spaces. Simply put: This is a nebulous term that leaves room for other potentially harmful treatment.

The PrimeFoodie Take: Cage-free is essential, but make sure it’s paired with the labels Certified-Humane and Organic.

Label: Free-Range

What it means: Free-Range is similar to Cage-Free in that the term is regulated by the USDA but it leaves a gulf of opportunity for inhumane treatment. To be labeled Free-Range, the USDA mandates that the hens have access to the outdoors, but nowhere does it describe what the outdoor area must be like. Must the space be expansive and grassy, or can it be cramped and on concrete? There’s no way to know unless you visit the farm. The label also doesn’t state the length of time the hens must have this access. On its own, this term doesn’t say much in support of the animal. However, if the term Free-Range accompanies the HFAC Certified Humane seal, this means that each hen has at least two-square-feet, and at least six hours of daily outdoor access (seasons or weather permitting).
The PrimeFoodie Take: The only way to ensure the chickens do live a free-range life is to see the Certified-Humane seal.

Label: Pasture and Pasture-Raised

What it means: Pasture and Pasture-Raised, two unregulated terms, generally mean that the laying hens have access to outdoor pasture where they can forage the natural grasses, peck, and live like they would in the wild. This is the ideal living scenario for a chicken. But again, this may not always be the actual case. Without a third-party certification, this term could mean that the hens are granted a tiny, dingy, dusty spot for a “pasture.” Like Free-Range, seek out this phrase in tandem with a certified humane seal. The HFAC mandates that any farmers labeling their eggs Pasture-Raised in tandem with HFAC Certified-Humane must grant at least 108-square-feet per bird and year-round access to both the outdoors and indoors.

The PrimeFoodie Take: Pasture and Pasture-Raised mean nothing on their own. Make sure these are paired with Certified Organic and Certified Humane.

Label: Conventional

What it means: Eggs in cartons that boast no welfare descriptors are conventional eggs and likely straight from a giant corporate mass-producing “farm.” We say “farm” as this is more of an egg-generating machine. In these circumstances, chickens are housed in battery cages, which are stacked cells that allow for no room to roam, graze, or see daylight. These chickens live a life of misery pumping out cheap eggs for mass consumption.
The PrimaFoodie Take: We recommend avoiding conventional eggs at all costs.

Our advice for eggs is the same for any other food: Get to know your farmers and brands. When buying from smaller purveyors at the farmers market or a local co-op, ask about the farmers’ practices and the hens’ living conditions. Inquire about the size of their flocks (smaller flocks generally mean better care and treatment for the animals.)

When purchasing from larger stores, seek out brands that have at least both the HFAC Certified-Humane and Certified Organic seals (or the Certified Animal Welfare Approved and Certified Organic) listed on the label.  

PrimaFoodie Approved Ethical Egg Brands found in Grocery Stores:

 Alexandra Family Farm Organic Eggs
Clean Food Farm Eggs
Vital Farm Organic Pasture-Raised Eggs
Pete & Gerry’s Organic Certified Humane Eggs
The Country Hen Certified Organic Humane Eggs
Happy Hens Organic Pasture-Raised Eggs

The Produce to Always Buy Organic—and Why 2022

If you still trust that the FDA has our best interests at heart, know that Dacthal, a classified potential carcinogen that has been consistently found on kale, continues to be legal. 

The Environmental Working Group recently announced that nearly 60 percent of kale samples sold in the US were contaminated with this herbicide. This news follows reports over the years that confirm the presence of Dacthal on various crops, including beans, cucumbers, and artichokes, even after the EPA classified its carcinogenic potential in the mid-1990s. The European Union prohibited any use of this dangerous chemical more than a decade ago.

Where does that leave us? Fending for ourselves. We need to vet what we put on our plates and in our bodies. One excellent resource to help us stay informed is the EWG’s Clean Fifteen and Dirty Dozen: two annual lists that corral the fruits and vegetables with the lowest and highest amounts of residue from potentially harmful pesticides. On the 2022 lists, you'll find that non-organic kale—as well as non-organic collard and leafy greens—are some of the biggest culprits of having toxic residue. 

The others are also consistent. Strawberries always land in the top spot as one of the most contaminated crops. Department of Agriculture findings have shown conventional strawberries to have an average of more than seven different types of pesticides, with some samples showing twenty-plus pesticides. (For the full 2022 list, read on.)

It's criminal that chemicals linked to health issues continue to be sprayed—legally!—on our foods. The US lags behind other nations when it comes to healthy agricultural practices. Thankfully advocacy organizations like the EWG exist to help us parse through the rhetoric. 

It's imperative that we continue to advocate for a food supply system by supporting small, sustainable farmers and buying organic produce. We can also take action at the grassroots, state, and national levels for the eradication of harmful chemicals—once and for all.

The 2022 ‘Dirty Dozen’

This is a smart resource to help determine which fruits and vegetables are most impacted by pesticides and other chemicals. However, there are dozens of fruits and vegetables left off this list, which is why at PrimaFoodie we suggest opting for organic produce to minimize your exposure and consumption of potentially toxic chemicals. When buying organic presents a hurdle, aim to always go organic for these twelve.

1.) Strawberries
2.) Spinach
3.) Kale, Collard, and Mustard Greens
4.) Nectarines
5.) Apples
6.) Grapes
7.) Bell and Hot Peppers
8.) Cherries
9.) Peaches
10.) Pears
11.) Celery
12.) Tomatoes

The 2022 ‘Clean Fifteen’

When buying organic is an obstacle, the following list of conventional fruits and vegetables shows the options that are least impacted by pesticides and herbicides. But still take note: A minimal amount of residue still tends to show up on the skins or in the fruits—so if possible, still opt for organic if you can.

1.) Avocado
2.) Sweet Corn
3.) Pineapple
4.) Onions
5.) Papaya
6.) Frozen sweet peas
7.) Asparagus
8.) Honeydew Melon
9.) Kiwi
10.) Cabbage
11.) Mushrooms
12.) Cantaloupe
13.) Mangoes
14.) Watermelon
15.) Sweet Potatoes

 For full downloadable versions, visit theEnvironmental Working Group.

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Dairy Milk

rBST-free. Grass-fed. Organic. Dairy milk has many descriptors. On one hand, this is good. More dairy distributors and small farms are offering high-quality dairy products free of antibiotics and growth hormones commonly given to animals. 

On the other side, these denominations on labels are confusing. What is grass-fed milk and why is it important? As we know, so much of the vocabulary slapped onto food labels is part of a marketing ploy meant to mislead us. That’s why in our PrimaFoodie Guide to Dairy Milk we’re clarifying the dairy nomenclature.

Defining “Dairy” Milk

These days, “milk” encompasses a wide variety of drinkable goods, including a growing amount of plant-based liquids. In this guide, we’re breaking down dairy milk, which is the liquid that comes from the mammary glands of animals. Naturally high in fat and protein, dairy milk is a staple ingredient for other products that fall into the dairy category, such as butter and yogurt.

Many animals secrete a nutritious liquid from their mammary glands that humans can consume, such as cows, sheep, goats, and camels. We’re not concentrating on the type of dairy milk here; rather we’re clarifying the labeling jargon found on the packages, which mainly describe the most common dairy milk products consumed in the west: milks from cows, goats, and sheep.

Dairy Milk Labeling

Organic

This is a PrimaFoodie must. USDA certified organic dairy milk considers the wellbeing of the diary livestock and the quality of the finished product. This label means the diary animals are allowed to regularly graze on grass (on land that is of at-least a certain acreage), are fed food without chemicals or pesticides, and are not given antibiotic or hormones of any kind (including rBGH hormones) and other potentially harmful chemicals. Also, there are also no additives put into the milk once it’s been secreted.

Grass-Fed

This denomination shares similarities to that of grass-fed meat: the dairy animals are allowed to naturally graze on grass terrain. While grass-fed is ideal, this terminology is sometimes used to mislead. (I.e. the cows may be allowed to graze but are still given hormones.) Always aim for grass-fed to be coupled with “certified organic.”

Raw

Simply put, raw milk has not been pasteurized, which is a heating process that kills bacteria. There are generally two schools of thought when it comes to raw milk. One believes raw milk to be more nutrient-rich as it hasn’t been through any processes that are believed to kill the beneficial good enzymes. (Some people find these enzymes to be beneficial for digesting milk proteins. Also, some of have issues digesting pasteurized milk choose raw.) The other believes raw milk to be potentially risky as it could contain harmful bacteria.

DHA-Added

A member of the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid family, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an essential nutrient. Research shows DHA to be particularly beneficial for healthy eyes and cognitive health. Milk that is DHA-added has had this nutrient included after it’s been milked from the animal.

A2 Milk (also called A1-free milk)

A2 dairy milk comes from cows that only produce the A2 protein, which many feel is easier to digest. Some background: Cows produce two types of proteins that are found in milk—A1 and A2. While every person is different, digestion issues related to dairy are commonly linked to the A1 protein. (Intolerance is also commonly linked to lactose, milk’s natural sugar, but that is a separate issue.) Some farmers have bred the A1 out of their cows so the dairy they now produce exclusively has the A2 protein.

rBST-Free

This is a genetically-altered synthetic hormone given to dairy cows to up the body’s natural production of milk. rBST stands for recombinant bovine somatotropin (bovine somatotropin is a naturally occurring hormone in cows, so the “r” denotes the human-made version of this, which was originally created by Monsanto.) In the early 1990s, the FDA approved the use of rBST and did not mandate that dairy manufacturers provide any mention of this on their labels. The use of rBST is contested, as is whether the labeling of rBST-free should be permitted. The European Union, including many other nations, ban the use of rBST in dairy cows. Our take? Go certified organic, which means rBST-free, or—at minimum—look for rBST-free.

PrimaFoodie-Approved Dairy Milk Companies:

We always recommend first sleuthing your local farmers’ market and cooperative market for organic dairy farmers in your area. When this isn’t an option, the following brands are more readily available in local markets, each of which follow strict hormone-free, humane, organic standards:

RAW Farm Raw Dairy Products (previously called Organic Pastures)

Strauss Family Organic Creamery

Alexandre Family Farm

Maple Hill Organic Creamery

Lifeline Farm

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Conscious Coffee

There are worlds within worlds when it comes to coffee. As one of the most-consumed beverages across the globe (in the US, 70 percent of Americans consume coffee, of which more than 60 percent drink it every day), coffee is rich with history and layered in ritual. Rare is it to find a breakfast spread without a steaming pot of joe, just as it is common to find people walking the street clutching tall lattes. Coffee punctuates the gastronomical world and our everyday lives.

Yet for being such a mainstay beverage, coffee is misunderstood—and the area of most nebulousness is the corruption in the coffee growing and distribution industry. Mismanagement, corrupt practices, pay discrepancies, child and adult labor abuses, unethical compensation, and intense regulations come at a high price for coffee farmers around the world. Due to the manual work required to grow and harvest coffee, coffee farming is intense and often exploitative. And while various certifications require strict measures, they can still result in unfair outcomes for the coffee growers and cultivators—even if the intention behind the certification is good.

“Coffee has long been a very opaque business,” Winter Wall tells us. “From cultivation to harvesting to processing to shipping, roasting, packaging, grinding, and brewing, the coffee journey is nuanced and complicated.” Wall is the founder of Kebon, a coffee company that focuses on equitably sourcing curated, single-origin beans from women coffee farmers and women-owned coffee businesses around the globe. Wall anchors Kebon on opening opportunities to capital and market to these hard-working women in the coffee business who too often fall victim to the intensely gendered pay disparities of the industry.

The light on this dark topic is that there is a drive to better understand this complicated industry and massive commodity. “Thankfully passionate consumers are driving the demand in the coffee business,” says Wall. “Especially with habitual consumables, like coffee, our choices really add up.” And as consumers’ demands get more discerning, the producers are shedding greater light on the history of their beans and the treatment of those cultivating them. Many coffee brands are driven by a mission to broker direct relationships with the coffee farmers—like Wall does—and to ensure transparency and ethics come first.

Yet still, there is so much to know, and the coffee industry can be overwhelming. So as we do at PrimaFoodie, we dug deeper. Here we clarify what some of the common certifications on coffee mean, and we offer some working consumer guidelines for sourcing more conscious, ethical coffee.

Editor’s Note: Like all of our PrimaFoodie Guides, this is a working project that we will continue to update as we consistently research practices and brands that align with our values. Coffee is a huge, complicated world and we strive to continue to dig deeper to provide you with direction for making the best, most ethical choices for you.

Coffee Certifications to Know

Fair Trade Certified

Fair Trade Certified (or FairTrade Certified) is meant to signify that the coffee beans come directly from smaller farmers—and those farmers were paid a “fair” and equitable price for their labor and product. The certification comes from either Fairtrade International or Fair Trade America, which designate a specific price to adequately cover the expenses of sustainable production. This price, which is added to the price of the coffee, is then supposed to be given to the coffee producers. Because the term “fair trade” is not protected, always look for Fair Trade or FairTrade Certified and be leery of coffee companies that casually boast “fair trade” on the package with no certification to back it up. Overall, the push behind this certification is to promote fair pricing and labor conditions, environmental stewardship, and transparency. (To ensure your coffee beans are the product of equitable business relations, see our Guidelines below.)

Certified Organic

The Department of Agriculture regulates this certification, which is given to products of all sorts, from vegetables to coffee. When coffee is certified organic by the USDA it means that the beans were grown and harvested without the use of potentially toxic synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

Bird-Friendly Certified

The Smithsonian National Zoo and Migratory Bird Center offers this extremely rigorous certification, which mandates that coffee is shade-grown, meaning its grown under the natural canopy of larger rainforest trees that are within a specific height to honor the birds and other animals that live where the coffee is grown.

Rainforest Alliance Certified

The Rainforest Alliance is an independent non-profit organization that aims to protect farmers working in rain forests and the surrounding lands. The organization denotes certification to certain foods, including coffee, that meet strict standards regarding ethical, sustainable, and humanitarian conditions.

3 Guidelines for Sourcing Conscious Coffee

#1. Look for traceability.

When you pick up a new bag of beans, turn it over to see if the company offers insight into the origin of the beans and how they were sourced. This (ideally) includes information on the coffee plantation and its ownerls, how the beans were cultivated and processed, the use of any toxic chemicals or pesticides, and how the workers were treated and compensated. “Traceability is key to understanding the entirety of the production timeline and supply chain,” says Wall. “When we understand how, when, and why our coffee is produced, we are able to identify, and begin to create solutions around, the key issues that have plagued the industry such as pay discrepancies, quality disparities, and labor abuses.”

#2. Aim for single-origin beans when possible.

When coffee is deemed “single-origin” it means the beans in the bag come from one single source straight to you, which makes traceability and quality assurance easier for the consumer. According to Wall, an estimated 25 million people around the globe rely on coffee for their livelihood with roughly 70 percent of coffee coming from smallholder farms. Many mass-marketed household-name coffee brands source beans from a myriad of places without any care to how these small farmers are treated. (Many of these workers are horrifically exploited.) These large brands then toss those various beans into one blend, making it impossible to know any history behind where and how your coffee was sourced. This is not to say that all single-origin coffee is ethical (unethical distributors can get involved), nor is it to discredit blends (there are many companies producing many ethical blends). But single-origin is a sound place to start amidst all the noise in the industry. “I believe deeply in direct sourcing and single origin coffees as a way of building relationships with the growers and producers of my favorite coffees,” says Wall.

#3 Consider your values—and find those in a perfect bag of beans.

Many of the burgeoning ethical coffee companies out there are focusing on specific goals to help eradicate the issues. These can include closing the gender pay disparity gap, ridding the use of toxic pesticides, and revealing hidden child labor practices. “For me, a great goal is to align my values to my purchases as closely as possible,” says Wall, who suggests making a list of core values to use as a filter for purchasing coffee. “Thankfully, there are many companies that offer a mission-driven value proposition.”

PrimaFoodie-Loved Ethical Coffee Brands

The following beans make paramount equitable wages, sustainable practices, and humane treatment in the coffee industry.

Kebon Coffee

Lady Falcon Coffee Club

Conscious Coffees

Kahawa 1893

Birds and Beans Coffee

Article by Stacey Lindsay

The Plastic-Free Pioneers Making It Easy to Create a Sustainable Kitchen

One of the longest-running missions we’ve been on at PrimaFoodie is to cut out the plastic in our homes, especially our kitchens. Continued research suggests that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic estrogen found in hard plastics, may cause certain cancers. Manufacturers have been producing plastics that are deemed “BPA-Free”, but research on the alternatives links them to similarly concerning health issues.

The workaround? We aim for glass and other non-plastic materials to store our leftovers, seeds, nuts, and any other food items. We’ve found that when you start in the kitchen, ridding plastic from other places in the home gets easier—and, thanks to these brilliant companies, even fun.

Package Free Shop

Since its opening in 2017, this Brooklyn-based online shop has helped to keep millions of pieces of trash out of landfills. Founded by Lauren Singer, the environmentalist known for the savvy blog, Trash Is for Tossers, Package Free Shop offers a range of non-plastic items from personal care to office supplies to pet grooming, all from independently owned brands aimed at reducing unnecessary packaging and waste. The site is a joy to peruse, and the kitchen section is abundant for its stainless steel containers, wood cutting boards, reusable straws, and the like.

Blisshaus

The Cadillac of pantry storage systems. Blisshaus, a collection of streamlined glass pantry jars and labels, is the brainchild of founder Wiebke Liu, a Germany-born, McKinsey-trained strategist with an intense passion for the intersection of efficiency and aesthetics. Liu created Blisshaus to be a multilevel option for creating a plastic-free kitchen. You can order their varied-sized jars to re-package your food items yourself. Or you can opt for their virtual or in-person kitchen makeover service, where a Blisshaus expert will walk you through the pantry organization process jar-by-jar.

Fillgood

More than a decade ago, Fillgood founder Stéphanie Regni took a class on recycling that changed the course of her life. She learned that the act of recycling, as well-intentioned as it is, is not a long-term solution for the copious amounts of plastics that end up in landfills. Her response to her realizations was founding Fillgood, an educational platform and online boutique that offers a range of plastic-free household items and refill options. The Fillgood kitchen section is an excellent resource for hard-to-find food storage staples like beeswax wrap, and welcomed discoveries including handmade dishwasher powder.

Honorable Mentions:

Zero Waste Store

The Refill Shoppe 

The Zero Market

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Heirloom Foods

People line up for these tomatoes at the farmers’ market. Devotees follow a purveyor of these beans on Instagram. Heads turn for these radishes in the produce aisle. What’s the commonality of these foods? They’re heirlooms.

Heirloom foods have been around for centuries, but they seemed to have captured more widespread attention in more recent years. One reason is that heirloom varieties are the antidote to all that’s commercial, genetically modified, and mass-produced (more on that below). Another is that there’s an enigmatic quality to heirloom foods—which has us compelled to demystify what they are. 

Heirloom Foods 101

In the simplest terms, an heirloom variety is a type of food—be it a vegetable, fruit, legume, flower, or grain—from seeds that have been repeatedly openly pollinated for a period of time and never crossbred nor modified. “Open pollination” means the natural occurrence of pollination that happens by wind, insect, bird, or another totally organic means. As for the “period of time,” experts vary over this with some stating that heirloom seeds need be at least five decades old and others claiming the seeds should be from years prior to World War II.

The descriptor “heirloom” pulls from the fact that these seeds have been honored and shared throughout time, often being passed from generation to generation within communities or families. This explains the often nostalgic, protected, proud aura that surrounds these varieties.

The Definition Debate

While the above all stands true, a uniform, legal definition for what makes a food heirloom does not exist—which makes these foods subject to debate. Unlike the specific guidelines that mandate what constitutes “organic,” heirloom foods are subject to the producer from which they’re offered. The word is used casually and often interchangeably with “heritage,” which more so describes poultry and meats that come from an original breed of animal with a long history. 

Benefits and Appeal 

To eat an heirloom tomato is to know, at first bite, the reasons for its appeal. The vibrant, juicy, robust flavor is electric compared to widespread varieties—conventional and organic. The same for a batch of heirloom cranberry beans: Creamy and velvety, they’re in a different league than their canned peers. Flavor is the power and appeal of heirloom varieties. They’re unparalleled.

While research is limited, some farmers and food experts believe heritage foods have greater nutrient densities due to their purity. This belief is bolstered by studies that the nutritional values of many crops today—conventional and organic—are significantly declining due to the effects of mass production and toxic chemical use.

Heirloom varieties also present a beacon of truth in a food system that puts profits over purpose and health. They tend to come from independent farms, (it’s rarer to find mass-scale farms growing heirlooms), which means purchasing them is an act of supporting small and local food businesses. 

And we have to say, there’s a romance to heirloom foods. Maintaining the integrity of an heirloom variety requires a specific set of attention that often leads to yields that are much smaller than those of other varieties. This evokes a greater appreciation and invitation to slow down: When you’re eating an heirloom tomato, for example, you’re eating a story and it needs to be savored.

Sourcing Tips

Not all heirloom varieties are certified organic. This is why when sourcing heirloom varieties, it’s important to get to know your farmer or purveyor to ask them questions about the conditions in which they grow their foods. You’re likely to find the widest variety of local heirloom varieties of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and legumes at your local farmers’ market. Scope them out and ask about the heritage of the seed, the growing conditions, and what makes that particular heirloom variety special. You’ll likely end up learning a ton about nutrients, flavors, and farming history.  

A few excellent resources on heirloom foods include:

Edible Memory by Jennifer A. Jordan

Sustainable America

Rare Seeds

Rancho Gordo

Seed Savers

Heirloom Seeds by Amna Fadel

A Short Guide to PrimaFoodie-Approved Alternative Sweeteners

Reducing sugar is one of the hardest nutritional feats. For starters, we’re chemically wired to crave it. Continued research shows that sugar is as addictive—if not more addictive—than cocaine. Added to this is the hard fact that sugar is everywhere. Literally everywhere. It’s added to processed foods like sauces, condiments, packaged snacks, and drinks, and it’s naturally found in whole foods, including vegetables, fruits, and grains.

This all may sound overwhelming. In many ways, sugar is the substance that haunts us. But we can have agency over it—and this starts with rethinking how we sweeten our foods. A healthy start is to stop using any processed sugars, which include refined table sugars and sweeteners. These have a higher glycemic index that can cause our blood sugars to spike. (Processed sugars are also linked to inflammation and decreased immunity.)

On the contrary, there are some natural substances that lend a sweetness to foods and offer a healthier alternative to the ubiquitous white crystals. (Some also offer small amounts of beneficial nutrients.) Here are our seven PrimaFoodie favorite alternatives to conventional processed sugar.

Date Syrup

Date syrup is made by boiling down dates and straining them. The result is a thick, sweet syrup that’s perfect for desserts, drizzled on fruit, or even added to sauces. Dates provide a substantial amount of essential potassium, as well as vitamin B6, magnesium, and iron. 

PrimaFoodie Pick: Joolie’s Organic Medjool Date Syrup

Maple Syrup

It seems that maple syrup is finally getting the culinary attention it deserves. This mineral-rich liquid, which is made from concentrating the sap from the Sugar Maple Tree, is as excellent weaved into dressings and sauces as it is drizzled on pancakes and into desserts. When purchasing maple syrup make sure it is pure (there are many fake options on the shelves).

PrimaFoodie Pick: Butternut Mountain Farm Organic Maple Syrup and Coombs Family Farms Organic Maple Syrup

Coconut Nectar

The coconut palm tree flower releases a sweet sap via its flowers, which is then boiled down and turned into a thicker syrup that is rich in potassium, zinc, iron, and B vitamins. 

PrimaFoodie Pick: Coconut Secret Coconut Nectar

Coconut Sugar (also called Coconut Palm Sugar)

The next iteration of coconut nectar, coconut sugar comes from the coconut palm tree flowers. The sweet sap is boiled down, made into a syrup, and then dried and crystallized to form granules.  

PrimaFoodie Pick: Madhava Foods Coconut Sugar

Stevia

Native to Brazil and Paraguay, the stevia plant grows green leaves that are naturally sweet. Cultivators harvest and dry the leaves and then steep them in hot water to extract the steviol glycosides, which are the sweetest components. This is then usually made into a liquid or powder. Stevia does not impact the body’s blood sugar levels like sugar does. Because it is substantially sweeter than sugar, it can be cloying for some. We find Stevia best used for baking. It can fall victim to high amounts of processing, so always look for one that is pure and labeled organic and fair-trade certified.

PrimaFoodie Pick: Pyure Organic All-Purpose Stevia

Monk Fruit

Derived from the Asian siraitia grosvenorii plant, monk fruit is a versatile sweetener for baking or adding sweetness to sauces and dressings. It can be compared to stevia, mainly because it is naturally much sweeter than sugar and also doesn’t impact the body’s natural blood sugar levels. Monk fruit sweeteners haven’t been studied as much as other sweeteners, therefore it is important to treat them as alternatives to real, whole food and to use them occasionally in small amounts. Look for one that is processed in the purest way, without dextrose and other additives.

PrimaFoodie Pick: Lakanto Monk Fruit Sweetener

Honey

There's a good reason why honey is like liquid gold. This natural substance made from hardworking honeybees boasts numerous health properties including antioxidants and minerals (such as calcium, copper, iron, zinc, and more). It’s also varied in flavor depending on the type of nectar the bees extract. When choosing a honey, always look for raw and unfiltered varieties that ideally come from a local beekeeper. 

PrimaFoodie Pick: Check out all our favorites here.

PrimaFoodie Editor’s Note: While these seven alternative sweeteners do provide better options over conventional processed sugar, it is still important to consume these in moderation.

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Honey

Honey is one of the ingredients I value most in my pantry. Its layered natural flavor, which can vary from floral to earthy to nutty, adds a sweetness to dishes. It’s an essential ingredient in my Sumactail and Basilberry Mocktail recipe. I also love adding it to dessert dishes like Baked Apple Jack to enhance the fruit. 

This sweet golden liquid is as good drizzled on roasted carrots as it is swirled into a glass of hot tea. But there’s so much more to it—and a lot that’s misunderstood. Here, we break it down.

xPrimaFoodie

Honey 101

A thick, rich, golden liquid, honey comes from the orchestrated teamwork of honeybees living in a colony. They work in harmony to extract nectar from flowers and other vegetal sources (hence the varying flavors), then engage in a detailed process of digesting and regurgitating the nectar so it mixes with their natural enzymes. Eventually this process causes the nectar to thicken into the golden, sweet goo that is honey.

Nutritional and Medicinal Properties

For centuries, cultures across the globe have been using honey for its nutritional elements and healing benefits. Research shows that honey, deemed a “flavorful liquid food of high nutritional value,” boasts numerous flavonoid antioxidants, as well as small amounts of various minerals including calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. It also has a lower glycemic index than sugar.

In addition to being a nutrient-dense alternative to sugar and other conventional sweeteners, honey has many medicinal benefits— which is why ancient cultures have long used it as a cure for ailments. It naturally has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, making it a protective salve. And studies have shown it to boast anti-inflammatory capabilities, to stimulate immune responses within a wound, and to provide allergy relief.  

Types of Honey 

Honey is as complex as it is delicious. This is because the busy bees that make it live in different regions across the globe and extract nectar from various sources of local vegetation. For example, when a honey is called ‘Orange Blossom Honey, this means that the bees mainly frequented orange blossoms for their nectar. The same goes for ‘Buckwheat Honey,’ ‘Lavender Honey,' ’Wildflower Honey,’ and countless other varieties. The flavor profiles and nutritional values will vary depending on where the bees have sourced their nectar.  

The Plight of the Bees

While it may seem easy enough to grab a jar of honey off the shelves, the complex world of honey's natural makers is in danger. ‘The plight of the honeybee,’ as stated by the advocacy group Friends of the Earth, is a serious issue. The globe’s honeybee population is rapidly declining due to use of fertilizers and pesticides, disease, habitat loss, and other unsustainable human-made practices. This presents dire consequences for essentially every ecosystem on earth, as bees’ pollination impacts the flourishing of countless vegetal species. Losing bees would create a great danger to our existing global food systems.

Growing Demand

Trend analysis shows a growing demand for honey—which, of course, fuels a need for its supply. As a result, honey has become greatly commercialized and industrialized to accommodate this growing need. Many commercial sourcing methods include forced, exploitative, and extractive measures and thus treat the bees with little to no consideration or care. In some industrial or commercial hives, human workers employ smoke techniques to extract bees. Others cut the queen bee’s wings to prevent her from leaving the colony to go to a new hive (thus impeding her ability to mate).  Some honeybees are fed artificial sweeteners, such as sugar water or high fructose corn syrup. This lacks nutrition leaving their immunity compromised.

Sustainable Sourcing

While all pure and natural honey is nature’s gold, not all honey on the shelves is equal. Unsustainable practices, cruel measures, and other cryptic means can often lead to adulterated, pesticide-laden, or even artificial honey. To ensure you get the highest product with the most concentrated nutrients, it’s important to look out for several things:

• Local: The best honey to get is local honey. This ensures it’s fresh and derives from nectar from the region you live in (which can be great for combating allergies). You can source good quality, real raw honey from your local farmers market. As always, be sure to ask questions about harvesting and bee treatment—and get to know your farmers.  

• Raw and Unfiltered: Raw honey is the densest in nutrients and healthy enzymes. That is because it has undergone limited to no processing from the hive to the jar, so it’s in its purest form. There may be some trace impurities in raw honey. Unfiltered honey may undergo a mild straining to remove some impurities, but it is done so in a way that honors the honey’s integrity. 

  Honey that is not marked pure raw or unfiltered means that it has likely been processed, blended with carrier ingredients (like corn syrup), or heated in a way that will jeopardize its natural purity. High amounts of heating and/or filtering often robs the liquid of its beneficial natural enzymes, chemical compounds, and antioxidant properties.

• Humane Sourcing: As previously mentioned, honoring the integrity of the bees is critical. Aim to source from local farmers who humanely care for their bees or brands who put transparency and ethics first. 

What to Look for in the Market

Like shopping for eggs, sourcing a good quality honey in the market requires a bit of a dance. The first marker: Look on the jar to find the honey’s location of origin. Again, it’s always best to purchase honey that is harvested in the region you live in.

Some markets offer honey that is labeled organic, which would ideally mean that the bees are humanely treated and allowed to pull nectar from vegetation that hasn’t been treated with pesticides. This is ideal, but nearly impossible to fully guarantee. When ethical beekeepers bring their bees to source their nectar, it’s impossible to know if the bees are always pulling from vegetation that is, in fact, organic.  Therefore, when it comes to honey in the US, the organic marker is still nebulous. Most labeled organic are a blend of honeys from other countries, usually Mexico and Brazil. 

Rather than being lured in by the ‘organic label’ in this case, look for other markers that communicate that the honey has been ethically and locally produced in your region. True Source Certified, an independent third-party verification system, is an excellent marker as it verifies authenticity, purity, and traceability of ethically produced honey.

PrimaFoodie-Approved Brands

Here are some of our favorite honey brands at PrimaFoodie. Each follows ethical beekeeping and harvesting practices:

• Honey Pacifica: With apiaries in southern California, Honey Pacifica has partnerships with local farmers to provide ample space, crops, and water for their honeybees.

• Bloom Honey: Bloom Honey is unfiltered and unpasteurized. It’s also True Source Certified.

• Blue Ridge Honey: Ethically produced, family owned, and local to California.

• White Gold Honey: White Gold is based out of Canada. Although all of us at PrimaFoodie aim to source local honey in California, this company boasts excellent standards. They produce unheated, unfiltered, untreated, unprocessed pure raw honey.