A Guide to Food Protocols

Food protocols, which are dietary guidelines catered to specific health needs and goals, can be vehicles for healing and optimal wellness. For these reasons, many protocols have gained wide popularity in recent years. We outlined some of the most followed.

THE AUTOIMMUNE PROTOCOL (AIP)

The Autoimmune Protocol is an elimination diet meant to reset the body’s immune system, ease inflammatory conditions, and heal gut issues that can contribute to autoimmune issues. Rooted in the Paleo diet, the AIP diet focuses on strictly ridding foods that are known to be inflammatory and cause irritation in the gut, and then slowly reintroducing such foods over time. While they can vary person to person, the foods most commonly eliminated include nightshades, alcohol, grains (especially gluten-containing grains), legumes, refined sugars, dairy, and eggs. During the elimination process, it is recommended to eat clean nutrient-dense foods, including organic meats and vegetables, and to take note about how the body feels. This diet is restrictive and is not meant to be a long-term eating solution. 

 ALKALINE DIET

An alkaline diet aims to promote optimal PH levels in the body by eating alkaline-forming foods, and avoiding acid-forming foods. Growing research suggests that promoting a more alkaline internal environment may help to ease or thwart various modern health issues including certain cancers and muscle and bone pain. While each food varies according to its alkalinity and potential to promote a more alkaline internal environment, the most common alkalizing foods include most fresh seasonal organic vegetables and fruits, legumes, nuts, and tofu. Most citrus and leafy greens are known to be particularly alkalizing. The foods that are the most acid-forming and therefore avoided include dairy, eggs, meat, most grains, anything processed, and all additives.

GAPS

The Gut and Psychology Syndrome Diet is a healing diet derived from the Specific Carbohydrate Diet. It eliminates grains, pasteurized dairy, most starch, and refined carbohydrates. GAPS is based on the theory that GI distress can cause chemicals and bacteria from food to enter the blood, leading to digestive and neurological disorders— also known as “leaky gut.” The aim is to remove foods that damage the gut flora and replace them with nutrient dense foods, balance the bacteria in the GI tract, heal the gut lining, and rebalance the immune system.

GLUTEN-FREE

A gluten-free diet is often used to manage celiac disease or other intestinal inflammation caused by gluten, a protein found in grains like wheat, spelt, barley, rye, triticale, and some oats. Those adhering to a strict gluten-free diet will avoid all gluten-containing grains, as well as other foods susceptible to hidden forms of gluten, such as sauces, condiments, and other processed foods. Removing gluten, the source of intestinal inflammation, has been shown to offer relief from painful digestive symptoms, support mental clarity, and ease some autoimmune issues.

GRAIN-FREE

A grain free diet eliminates all grains including wheat, spelt, barley, rye triticale, dried corn, millet, rice, sorghum, and oats. Some grain free diets allow limited consumption of quinoa, amaranth, or buckwheat. Similar to a gluten free diet, a grain free diet aims to reduce inflammation, ease gastrointestinal issues, manage autoimmune issues, and lower blood sugar levels. 

THE KETOGENIC DIET or KETO

KETO has gained wide popularity over recent years. This protocol involves drastically reducing carbohydrate intake and eating high amounts of healthy fat and protein. There are several variations on the ketogenic diet, with slightly different fat, protein, and carbohydrate ratios. The overall goal is to induce ketosis, where the body runs out of carbohydrates and begins to break down fat to use for energy. When inducing ketosis, it is essential to eat clean sources of fat (avoid pesticides or growth hormones and aim for grass-fed, organic products), as toxins are stored in fat cells. When employed properly, a ketogenic diet may help to reduce inflammation and can be beneficial for people suffering from diabetes, among other chronic health conditions. Some tout this diet for helping to promote mental clarity and reduce sugar addictions. 

INTERMITTENT FASTING

This involves a cyclical pattern of fasting and eating. The intervals can vary, but the general aim is to lower insulin levels in order to burn sugar stored in fat cells. While following this protocol, it is ideal to eat whole, nutrient dense foods in the periods of eating to offer the body clean, substantial sources of fuel. Many people use intermittent fasting as a weight-loss and weight-management tool, but if implemented correctly, this pattern of eating may help to facilitate hormone adjustment, allow cellular repair processes, and reduce inflammation.

LOW FODMAP

FODMAP is an acronym for Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and polyphenols, which are short chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols that can cause digestive distress. These irritants can be found in a wide variety of foods, including certain vegetables and fruit, wheat, processed meat, and some sources of dairy. A low FODMAP diet eliminates these foods, allowing the gut to heal, and potentially easing digestive symptoms from IBS, SIBO, and other GI disorders. This diet has been shown to be particularly effective in easing SIBO symptoms for some.

LOW HISTAMINE DIET

Histamines are a chemical produced by the body’s immune system that aid in certain digestive, immune, neurological system functions. Histamines are also found in certain foods. People with histamine intolerance experience an allergy-like response when they consume foods rich in histamines. Foods higher in histamine include fermented food, processed meat, avocado, alcohol, tomatoes, eggplant, spinach, preserved fish and certain condiments. By eliminating certain foods high in histamines it may help to determine which foods cause this response and therefore reduce or eradicate these negative reactions.

PALEO

The Paleo philosophy posits that the human body is accustomed to eating whole foods, similar to our ancestors in the Paleolithic era. The innovation of modern farming introduced foods that are not easily digested or adapted, leading to health problems. A paleo diet consists of lean meats, fish, fruit, vegetables, nuts, and seeds and eliminates all processed foods, sugar, grains and most dairy (full-fat, grass-fed dairy products are permitted in some paleo diets). A Paleo diet may help to reduce inflammation, and when used appropriately, may reverse many chronic health conditions.

SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE DIET (SCD)

The Specific Carbohydrate Diet is a nutritional plan that restricts grains, dairy, starches (including starchy vegetables), and sugars. The protocol also suggests the avoidance of processed foods, canned foods, and dairy. The diet, which was developed by Dr. Sydney Haas, aims to reduce these foods as they can irritate or inflame the digestive system. Removing the sources of irritation, and allowing the gut to heal, may provide relief from GI disorders like IBS, IBD, UC, Crohn’s, and Celiac Disease. 

 SIBO-FRIENDLY or SIBO DIET

 SIBO stands for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, an overgrowth of good bacteria in the small intestine. SIBO can lead to bloating, leaky gut, and other gut issues, therefore this protocol aims to reduce or rid those symptoms by removing all potential SIBO-aggravating foods, such as those high in FODMAPS, and certain amounts of specific types of carbohydrates that are fermented by bacteria in the gut. In essence, the diet aims to feed the body while simultaneously starving the overgrown bacteria in the gut. The SIBO diet is usually most successful when combined with a low FODMAP diet or SCD.

The Spice Guide

Spices, with their colors and textures and aromas, can be confusing. There's so many of them. And all their nuances can be intimidating—so much so that we miss out on their potential. When we dig deeper and take a closer look, we unearth a well of inspiration.

As my cooking has evolved to cater to my dietary restrictions and wellness inclinations, so has my wisdom for ways to add color, dimension, and brightness to my dishes. Because of spices, I've never felt like my diet is limited but rather a form of expression and adventure. Spices unlock the potential in any food, and they can provide incredible health benefits. They become tools in your toolbox. As nutritionist Margaret Floyd-Barry told me, "There is an intelligence in traditional cuisine that we are still only beginning to understand." That is why I put together this guide. I wanted to corral my tips and research with the advice of experts—nutritionist Maraget Floyd-Barry, personal chef Amanda Ramirez, and Diaspora Co. founder Sana Javeri Kadri—to offer a resource on spice storage, usage, and sourcing. 

This is by no means an exhaustive list, but rather a selective look at some of the most widely used spices, including my favorites. There’s an enigmatic quality to each of them. If you think about it, spices take up very little real estate in a dish, but they can transform how it smells, looks, tastes, and even feels. As Daniel Patterson and Mandy Aftel write in there book, The Art of Flavor, “We rarely plan a dish around them, partly because—unlike say, the beautiful pile of greens at the farmers’ market, or sublimely fresh swordfish that call to you at the fishmonger’s—these ingredients don’t tend to nominate themselves for star billing.” 

Perhaps you're intimidated by spices and don't know where to begin. Or if you're like me, you absolutely love them but are always searching for inspiration on how to best use them. Or maybe you reach for Hungarian paprika as often as you do for salt. Wherever you fall, chances are you've had questions. I hope this guide offers you some answers.

Spice Facts

Firstly, what exactly is a spice? It's a good question, as spices often get confused for herbs and other flavorings. By definition, a spice is either the root, fruit, bark, or seeds of a plant that is then dried and sometimes crushed or powdered. Spices are different from herbs, which are the flowers, leaves, or stems of plants, used either fresh or dried.

Storage Rules

More than just convenience, properly storing spices is essential for maintaining their flavor and integrity. It also ensures that you're not ruining a fresh dish with a sprinkling of something that's old and stale. "The last thing you want is for your fancy cut of birthday steak to one day be rubbed in four year old spices," says Sana Javeri Kadri, founder of Diaspora Co., a small organic spice company focused on emboldening farmers and sustainable practices. As spices age, their flavors diminish, as do their health benefits, so it's important to follow these rules.  

#1 Label it: Unless the spice has a harvest date, mill date, or best-by date, write the date you purchased them on the jar before you add it to your pantry. (Diaspora is one of the few spice companies that include all three dates on its jars, says Kadri.) Make this a habit. Amanda Ramirez uses a sharpie or tapes a small piece of bright paper, like a post-it, so the date is visible. Ground spices generally last for six month to a year.

#2 Keep away from light, heat, and moisture: The optimal place to store spice is cool, dry, and dark. This means: not above the stove. As convenient as it is, heat and moisture will ruin the spices' integrity. It's also important to keep them away from the refrigerator or freezer. "Like coffee, spices being stored in the freezer is a terrible, terrible myth," says Kadri.

#3 Think small(er): Aim to buy spice in smaller quantities rather than bulk. This ensures the spices are "fresher, tastier, more potent" and it keeps you from hoarding spices for years, says Kadri.

Other Essential Rules

Don't relegate buying spices to an afterthought. Get involved, ask questions, and have fun with it. Research your city for a local spice market or purveyor—and then ask them about sourcing, harvest dates, even heavy metal testing. "It's your right as the consumer to know, and your requests will only propel the industry forward in terms of quality," says Kadri. "We've had a lousy spice industry selling us lousy spices for over 150 years, and it's time for that to change."

#1 Aim for organic: I also look for non-irradiated spices with no added fillers or other additives. Ramirez likes Spicely Organics, which states on its label: no artificial coloring, no gluten, no MSG, no soy, no preservatives, no wheat, no eggs, no sugar, no irradiation.

#2 Ask about direct trade and equitable sourcing practices. The fair trade stamp on a spice jar means that a farmer is being paid 15 percent above the commodity price, says Kadri, who pays up to ten-times the commodity price for the spices she sells through Diaspora. This is often the true price needed for a farmer "entrenched in this unjust system" to actually make any money, she says. So ask questions and do your digging. "Organic labelling came from customer outcry, so too can the call for transparent, equitable global farm-to-table supply chains."

#3 Think fresh—and whole. Most spices come pre-ground or powdered, but that's not to say you have to buy them this way. Kadri, Ramirez, and nutritionist Maraget Floyd-Barry encourage buying spices in their whole form. This way, when they're freshly crushed immediately before hitting the foods, the peak flavor is absorbed. "Buy a pepper mill and switch to the simple bliss of freshly ground pepper for the rest of your days," says Kadri.

#4 Get creative. Floyd-Barry recommends heating freshly ground spices in a dry pan, which will both “enhance the nutritional benefit and bring out the flavor.”

#5 Give spices the sniff test: If you know that a spice is old and you’re going to throw it out, it's still worth smelling it, says Ramirez. This will allow you to know what, say, stale cinnamon smells like compared to fresh cinnamon. If you have old, stale spices to use up, Kadri recommends adding some to a bone or vegetable broth.  

The Spices 

This list by no means covers all the spices found in the world. It does, however, include the essentials—and my favorites. Having an understanding of these will open up your culinary world.

Allspice
What it is: Also called pimento berry, allspice comes from the berries of the tropical evergreen tree, pimenta dioica, which is native to central America and the West Indies.
Flavor notes: warm, sweet, pungent
The name allspice speaks to its combined flavors of cinnamon, nutmeg, and clove. It lends a warm earthiness to dishes, including baked goods, soups, and beef and lamb dishes. It is a star ingredient in various Caribbean cuisines, including Jamaiccan jerk dishes. 

Cardamom
What it is: Cardamom comes from the seeds of elettaria cardamomum, a plant in the ginger family that is native to India. 
Flavor notes: herbal, warm, slightly minty, and citrusy with a unique spiciness 
Cardamom is difficult to describe, especially when considering both the black and green varieties. Black cardamom has a noticeable smoky quality, making it more appropriate for savory dishes like braised meats and stews, while green cardamom is more delicate, adding bright flavor to desserts and drinks. (It’s an essential ingredient in masala chai mixes.)

Cayenne Pepper
What it is: This small-fruited nightshade is a type of capsicum annuum. It’s said to have come from the Cayenne region of French Guinea, although it’s now grown in most tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Flavor notes: bright and piquant
Cayenne pepper not only brings nice heat to a recipe, it also subtly enhances other flavors, which has added to its popularity and versatility. Steamier than, say, a jalapeño, ground cayenne peppers are commonly found in Cajun, Creole, and Caribbean cooking. They also add a nice depth of flavor to chilis and fried fish. The health benefits of the capsaicin, the active compound found in cayenne, is another reason I reach for this spice.

Cinnamon
What it is: Cinnamon comes from the bark of the cinnamomum verum, an evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka.
Flavor notes: warm and sweet
I love cinnamon. Mixed with eggs, it is the start of French toast and it can give grain-free baking that French-toasty flavor. Cinnamon can take a fried banana to a decadent level for dessert. It can add a richness and another layer to a spicy dish. Also, it's known to curb your appetite and have a positive effect on blood glucose levels. I add it to my daughter's oatmeal and porridge. I used to grind my own cinnamon in batches and only used freshly ground, but I use it so much that it became too labor intensive. Now I buy both ground and whole cinnamon sticks for various uses. I love to put a whole stick in a hot beverage like coffee or tea and use it as both a stir stick and beautiful garnish.


Cloves
What it is: Cloves come from syzygium armoaticum, a tree native to Indonesia that grows aromatic flowering buds, which are then dried and used as a spice. Eugenol is the dominant molecule in cloves responsible for their intense spiciness. 
Flavor notes: pungent and sweet with a notable peppery spice
Cloves aren’t for the faint of palate—people tend to either love the distinctive flavor or prefer to steer clear all together. I use cloves with a light touch, adding sparingly to baking recipes and warm drinks that call for that cozy “autumnal” quality.

Coriander
What it is: The seeds of coriandrum sativum plant, a warm-weather annual herb. (The leaves of the coriandrum sativum plant are harvested as cilantro.)
Flavor notes: earthy and slightly floral and lemony
A staple in Ayurvedic teas and dishes, coriander is a revered spice around the world. It's excellent in curries, dry rubs for meats, and for pickling.

Cumin
What it is: Cuminum cyminum are the seeds from the parsley plant. 
Flavor notes: nutty and earthy
I've developed a crush on cumin over the last couple years. I like strong flavors and cumin does that for many different cuisines, including, Mexican, Indian, and—one of my favorite flavor profiles—North African. (You can also add to Middle Eastern, Indian, and Chinese dishes.) I use cumin in soups and to season meat like ground beef for tacos. Ground cumin is easiest, but like all spices it will lose its intensity faster once ground. I do keep whole cumin on hand for different uses. For a more intense flavor, you can toast whole cumin seeds and then grind them, or just put the whole seed in your cooking oil at the start of the dish to infuse the oil.

Fennel
What it is: Fennel is derived from the flowering plant, foeniculum vulgare. The seeds of the plant are used as a spice, while the leaves are harvested and used as herbs.
Flavor notes: mildly sweet, licorice-y
People often shy from fennel in fear that it's too licorice-y. But when used fresh or toasted in soups, or as a rub on meats, with a hint of salt, it can be a game-changer.

Ginger
What it is: It is an herbaceous, flowering perennial from the Zingiberaceae family (along with cardamon, and turmeric). Ginger is thought to be one of the earliest spices exported from southeast Asia. It can be used as a spice, flavoring, food, or medicine. 
Flavor notes: bright, lemony, warming
The taste of ginger is unmistakable: Its warm zing embodies the essence of various Asian cuisines, including Chinese and Thai. Revered for its health properties, the spice has gained popularity across the globe, wending its way throughout Asia and eventually into Western cuisine. I like to use ginger in carrot soup and in golden milk for its tangy quality and aid of digestion.

Nutmeg
What it is: Sourced from the tropical evergreen tree, myristica fagrans, nutmeg comes from the covering—the arils—of the plant’s seeds. The myristica fagrans is native to Indonesia.
Flavor notes: warm, sweet, slightly nutty
Similar to cinnamon, nutmeg takes everything up a notch. It can turn something into dessert or reminiscent of the American holidays, Thanksgiving and Christmas. I add it to soups and anything with pumpkin, especially baked goods like these pumpkin biscuits from Chef James Barry.


Paprika
What it is: Paprika comes from the pods of the annual shrub capsicum annuum, a bright red plant from the nightshade family.
Flavor notes: warm, slightly sweet, occasional hint of spiciness or smokiness
I learned about the flavor of paprika through my mother's deviled eggs. I never knew the value this spice added until I made my own and realized the eggs were a little flat without the spice’s brightness. Now I add paprika to many savory dishes. My husband loves smoky paprika in his marinades and barbecues. I don't love the flavor of smoke, so I usually stick to plain or a Spanish or Hungarian variety. It's best added at the end so the flavor intensity isn't diminished.


Pepper
What it is: The widely known spicy peppercorn pods come from the piper nigrum plant, a climbing vine native to westerna India. The various varieties of pepper come from the same plant. 
Flavor notes: spicy, warm, zesty
Pepper warrants its own guide. There are so many varieties of green, pink, black, and green peppercorns, all of which add their own unique zest and heat to a dish. I used pepper as a finishing on nearly everything. To me, black pepper is the final layer in chicken salad. Also, green pepper is a great addition to mild dishes and fish. It can even add an unexpected zing to a melon and caprese salad, and even to ice cream. Whatever your preference, always aim for whole peppercorns to get the full flavor.

Saffron
What it is: Saffron comes from the tiny stems (or stigmas) of crocus sativus, a flowering plant in the Iris family. The delicate flowers produce, on average, three stigmas per flower, making cultivating saffron a laborious feat.
Flavor notes: fragrant, sweet, luxurious
Saffron is legendary for its rich red stigmas and the vibrant yellow color they impart when ground and added to various foods. Known as one of the most precious spices in the world, saffron is an expensive spice, but only a small pinch (a few stems) is needed to elevate savory recipes like soups, stews, and rice dishes. 

Sumac
What it is: A bright red powder, sumac comes from the rhus coriaria, a deciduous shrub native to the Middle East. The shrub’s berries are dried and then ground.
Flavor notes: tangy, sour, slightly lemony
I love sumac for its tangy and sour notes. Surprisingly versatile, it makes for a great condiment and works well added to sweet fruit sorbets and even lemonade.

Turmeric
What it is: A widely known spice, turmeric comes from the root of the cucuma longa plant, a ginger-family plant native to Indonesia and India. 
Flavor notes: earthy, slightly bitter and peppery
Turmeric has become the hot spice as of late as more and more people are drawn to its health properties. (Studies show curcumin, one of the main compounds in turmeric, to have anti-inflammatory benefits.) Its gorgeous marigold color adds character and depth to any dishes, though it is primarily known for its wide use in Indian curries. Turmeric is excellent added to soups and marinades. Slightly bitter, it marries well with nut milks to make a healthy latte alternative. 

Vanilla bean
What it is: Vanilla is extracted from the pods of various climbing orchidaceae (orchids). There are several types of this plant, including vanilla planifolia from Mexico and vanilla tahitensis from Tahiti. 
Flavor notes: warm and sweet
Another regular in my kitchen. I keep both whole vanilla bean pods and vanilla extract on hand and use them for different things. When buying whole pods, make sure they are airtight. They’re best fresh, but if they become dried-out you can reconstitute them by soaking in water. I prefer the intense flavor of these for things where vanilla is the star, such as my nut milk and ice cream. When making something in bulk or if the intensity doesn't make that much of a difference, I use the extract.


Sources:
The Art of Flavor by Daniel Patterson and Mandy Aftel
Encyclopedia Brittanica
Missouri Botanical Garden

Rethinking The Plastic In Our Lives

Some of the most promising shifts to promote a cleaner future have concerned the reduction of disposable plastics. We’ve seen a mineral water giant promise to switch to 100 percent recycled plastic by 2025. Airlines rid toss-able extras like straws, wrappers, and single-use utensils from their cabins. Beauty brands embrace the loop system and offer recyclable and compostable product refills. The changes have been huge and small, straightforward and inventive.

As encouraging as they are, these strides also beg the question: Why is there still so much single-use, toxic, ocean-choking plastic? It’s disarming—an insult, really—to order a product, only to find it wrapped in copious layers or contained in a throwaway plastic bottle.

This egregious waste inspired Tonia Soteros to open Recontained, a zero waste online and brick-and-mortar shop that offers bulk items and other alternatives to single-use plastic. Soteros was flipping through a book in the checkout line one day when she halted at this statistic: If every person in America stopped using body wash, it would save 2.5 million pounds of plastic entering the landfill every year. “I immediately became a bar soap girl,” she says. But what about all the other shampoos, cleaners, conditioners, and the like in her house? Soteros looked to see if there was a place that offered these solutions in bulk, allowing her to refill her empty containers rather than toss them. Unable to find one, she opened Recontained.

Soteros’s journey is a reminder of how huge the issue of disposable plastics is, which is why it needs to be tackled from every angle. The companies making the single-used plastics need to be held accountable, just as the businesses employing them do. The onus is also on us: We need to be vigilant in rethinking how we let single-use plastic into our lives. As Soteros helps us see, this can start with simple manageable steps.   

5 Ways to Reduce Disposable Plastic

Rethink the Bottle

For those looking for an easy way to begin their zero-waste journey, Soteros suggests eliminating the plastic water bottles—for good. “This is a simple, straightforward swap that can have a substantial impact,” she says. Invest in a reusable bottle and a water filter. And if you have a water delivery, she suggests finding one that delivers in glass instead of plastic.

 Bag Smartly

Even though some cities across the US have banned single-use plastic bags, these sneaky polluters are still out there in droves. Rid this practice and keep a few sustainable, reusable bags accessible. Soteros like the organic mesh bags. They work for most anything, including produce, and take up little room when not in use.

 Be Picky with Packaging

The grocery store is a huge culprit of excessive plastic, says Soteros, who points to the plastic mesh bags often used to contain fruits and vegetables. “Not only do these bags contribute to the plastic that ends up in the landfills, but they so often end up in the ocean where they cause severe damage and death to our precious marine life,” she says. Aim to buy produce that is unpackaged, or at least free of plastic. (This is an easy option at the farmers market.)

 Sweat the Small Stuff

We tend to be more aware of the throwaway water bottles, the single-use shopping bags, the old BPA-leaching food containers, but the tinier plastic culprits often lack our attention. “Once you start really paying attention, you will begin to see excessive plastic all around you,” says Soteros. Take note of the smaller plastic parts—i.e. bottle cap safety seals, personal care bottle caps, food takeout containers, lip balm tubes—and see if you can recycle them or find an alternative company that does without them in their packaging. TerraCycle offers a ZeroWaste box that makes recycling odd and overlooked items a breeze. 

 Communicate

A simple email or call can go a very long way. By reaching out to a company to voice your concern over their packaging, shipping practices, and other methods that incorporate disposable plastic, it can spark a helpful conversation. Oftentimes a company may be working toward reducing their plastic use but they haven’t communicated this to their customers. Or perhaps your call may entice them to shift their priorities. Honest communication can spark great change. 

To learn more about Soteros and Recontained, visit: recontained.com. And for more information on how to combat the issue of plastic waste, these organizations are creating incredible movements:

Alliance to End Plastic Waste

 Green Education Foundation

 Plastic Pollution Coalition

 The Story of Stuff Project

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Conscious Small Brands: Portland Edition

Portland, Oregon is one of those places that defies an easy description. This city is stunning. Hugged by emerald forests and filled with friendly people, it is progressive to its core. It is also a town that has set the bar when it comes to caring for others and the planet, and encouraging entrepreneurial ingenuity.

We love this city for all of the above, as well as its bevy of locally produced, ethically created, health-conscious goods. It is the place for dinners made of ingredients sourced within a handful of miles from your plate. For fresh organic kombucha and handmade vegan chocolate. For pasture- and humanely-raised meat. Every corner reveals a gem. But if traveling here isn’t on your radar (or isn’t feasible in these times), you can still experience the essence of Portland by ordering many of its locally made goods. 

One last note: If you’re reading this and you’re from Portland (or you love Portland), you may very well think: There is also this maker, and this boutique, and this craftsman. We hear you. This city is packed to the brim with noteworthy small brands. Our inclusions here mirror what’s on our radar, but this is by no means an exhaustive list. If you have a burning suggestion, we’d love to hear from you as we’ll be updating our list throughout the year.

Beverages

Stumptown Coffee Roasters

It seems that Stumptown is slowly becoming a household name, but this coffee still comes from a Portland brand that is small at its core. Their beans are responsibly sourced and mostly certified organic. But what we love most about this company is its B Corporation status, which means that it has gone through a rigorous certification process to ensure that it puts the benefit of its people, community, and the planet first.

 T Project

Founder Teri Gelber has a mutual love for quality tea and togetherness. She created T Project, her studio and tea line, as a way to encourage people to gather over her loose-leaf blends. A food industry veteran, Gelber sources organic teas, herbs, and spices from around the world and hand-mixes them in her quaint Portland space. The blends are worldly and beautiful—and each one is named after a nostalgic song. Diamonds and Rust, an Oolong nod to Joan Baez, is one of our favorites.

Tio’s Water Kefir

Uplifting and refreshing, Tio’s small-batch kefirs are made primarily of Oregon-grown ingredients like local blueberries and organic ginger root. The kefir is light, full of probiotics, and contains no added sugars, coloring, or preservatives. 

Meat and Poultry

Pasture PDX

The two founders of Pasture, Kei Ohdera and John Schaible, are single-handedly evolving the way meat is procured here in the states. They focus on animal husbandry, the holistic, ethical practice of breeding, raising, and caring for an animal its entire life before it is humanely slaughtered for meat.  Kei and John know their animals well, as well as all the farmers with whom they partner. They offer fresh-cut meats and often collaborate with local restaurants and purveyors to offer local lunches and dinners.

Deck Family Farm

Located on more than 300 acres of rolling farmland in Willamette Valley, Deck Family Farm produces organic, pasture-raised meat and poultry. The family prides itself on allowing the animals to roam free on the pasture, and follows various regenerative and sustainable farming practices. Fresh cuts of meat, whole chickens, and sausages are available to ship, as well as sides of animals for larger purchases.

Chocolates and Other Sweets

Moonstruck Chocolate

Small batch and super creamy, Moonstruck exemplifies the concept of responsibly made. Each of their chocolates include ingredients sourced from the Pacific Northwest, as well as cocoa that is ethically procured. The team, which makes all of the truffles, hot chocolate, and bars in their Portland factory, teams up with Cocoa Horizons, an impact-driven program that aims to improve the livelihoods of cocoa farmers in West Africa.

Woodblock Chocolate

Husband and wife team Jessica and Charley Wheelock create all of their artisanal chocolates in their northeast Portland manufactory. There is also a tiny cafe which is lined with giant glass windows which give you a front row seat to the roasting, melting, and mixing of the cacao beans. Their chocolate bars and drinking chocolates are pure and creamy, and boast the loveliest artistic packaging. 

Grains, Nuts, Seeds, Spices, and Oils 

Lonesome Whistle Grains

Lone Whistle has been sustainably growing organic heirloom grains for almost twenty years. Locals flock to their stand at various farmers markets in Portland, Eugene, and Corvallis to stock up on organic popcorn, stone ground flours, Abenaki corn polenta, rolled oats, and buckwheat pancake flour mix. 

Oomphs Cooking Blends

The name really says it all. A pinch of an Oomph blend adds a layered depth to vegetables, scrambled eggs, grilled meats, stir-frys, and soups, bringing out the flavor potential of a dish. Made of spices and dehydrated vegetables, each blend is free of additives, colorings, GMO ingredients, preservatives, and pesticides. Its founders created the line after looking for creative and clean ways to add flavor to their GAPS diet dishes. It’s a little east Portland company creating an innovative, healthy way to season food. 

Jacobsen Salt Co. 

While all salt technically may have been naturally created equal way back when, not all salt is sourced to be equal. (Buying “sea salt” that is really mislabeled table salt is a pet peeve of ours.) That’s why we love Jacobson salt. They harvest it straight from the clean waters of Netarts Bay, right off the Oregon Coast. (There are a few exceptions, such as the Pink Himalyan Salt, which they source from rock salt in the mountains of Pakistan.) Jacobson’s flaked sea salts are mineral-rich, crisp, and perfect for finishing a dish. Their kosher salt is briny and ideal for cooking. And if you want a real treat, consider one of their infused salts that are mixed with spices, herbs, and even wine. 

Ground Up

This Portland-based small, female-founded company makes creamy hand-crafted nut butters that are free of peanuts, palm oil, dairy, sugar, and gluten. Their flavors are inventive: coconut cardamom with chia seed, cashew, and almond butter; spicy tahini cashew butter made with Diaspora chiles (a PrimaFoodie favorite); cinnamon snickerdoodle. And their business model is even more inventive, as well as inclusive: Through its training program, the team works with women who are overcoming obstacles and various adversities.

Durant

Durant is a scenic vineyard, winery, and olioteca located in the stunning Willamette Valley just south of Portland. Their olive oil is pressed on location from primarily olives grown on the estate, as well as some from high-end growers in Northern California.

Portlandia Foods

Considering how hard it is to find condiments free of gluten and additives, we were thrilled to discover Portlandia Foods. Each of the condiments, which include BBQ sauce, ketchup, mustard, Worcestershire, are made of Oregon Tilth Certified Organic ingredients and contain no gluten or artificial colorings. 

Breads

New Cascadia Traditional

New Cascadia’s start is a classic small-brand story. Struggling with a gluten intolerance, co-founder Chris Gumke couldn’t find any quality bread made without wheat. So he and his wife, Teresa, decided to make their own and sell it at the Portland farmers market. It took off, to say the least, and today New Cascadia’s gluten-free breads, doughs, pastries, and more are available all over Portland and via mail order.

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Meat and Poultry

It’s common to toss around expressions like grass-fed, non-GMO, or pasture-raised. While these food designations stand for an important movement, they can be confusing and easy to misconstrue. In some cases, the actual meaning of a term is so murky that a closer look unveils it’s really nothing more than cryptic marketing jargon. And while the USDA may mandate criteria for certifications, some requirements are weak, which leaves many loopholes for producers to jump through.

This all siphons down to the crux of a huge issue: The rules in the US are laxed, which means we have to continuously ask questions and push for food-system change. One place to start is to shop from conscious companies that put human health and the welfare of animals over profits. Finding these companies requires consistent vetting, which gets easier with an understanding of the common food designations.

This glossary is meant to be bookmarked for quick reference for when you’re shopping. Since the food world is gigantic, we’re breaking this guide into sections. First up: meat and poultry.

Grass-fed

Grass-fed pertains to ruminate domestic animals—cows, bison, goats, sheep—and pigs. It means the animals have been fed grass, which, as grazers, is their natural means of sustenance. The term seems rather clear, but it is common for animal proteins to be marketed and sold as grass-fed while other underlying conditions for how the animal was treated or fed go unmarked. (For instance, this could include beef cows that were fed grass their entire lives except for the last few months when they were fed grain or other substances to fatten them.) Employing the term grass-fed is also a common way for companies to up the prices on their meat without truly following through on other good measures. To ensure the meat is of the best quality, and the animal was raised humanely, grass-fed should be coupled with other modifiers such as certified organic (to ensure the grass the animal grazed on wasn’t laden with pesticides), grass-fed and finished, pasture-raised, and humanely raised. To further vet, look to third-party certifications, such as from the American Grassfed Organization. This non-profit is vigilant in making sure the animals were allowed to graze in an open grass field, were never put in feedlots, and were never given hormones or antibiotics. (The AGO does not monitor if the animals were humanely slaughtered.)

Organic

The USDA Organic label means that the meat and poultry comes from animals that were fed certified organic food (this can include both grass and grains), were allowed to ruminate and graze in an open outdoor pasture (no feedlots), and were never given antibiotics or hormones. This label also takes into consideration methods put into place that help to honor and conserve natural farming ecosystems. It does not include a mandate that the animals were humanely slaughtered.

Grass-fed and Finished

This means that the cow, bison, lamb, or pig was fed grass its entire life, up to the last day before it was butchered.

Antibiotic-free:

This claim is also sometimes seen as “no antibiotics ever” and “raised without antibiotics.” It means that the meat or poultry comes from animals that were not given antibiotics while they were raised. The USDA provides a verification for the modifier antibiotic-free, but it is important to note that this only pertains to antibiotics and not hormones or other potential drugs.

Hormone-free

This signifies that the meat or poultry comes from animals that were not injected with hormones while they were raised. Similar to antibiotic-free, this only pertains to hormones and not antibiotics or other potential drugs.

Pasture-raised

All animals, including those raised for human consumption, should be granted lives filled with respect and decency—and this means allowing them living quarters that mirror their natural worlds. Ruminate animals need space to roam and graze. Pasture-raised means that the animals were able to roam on pasture during the grazing season. But, once again, this can be tricky: Pasture-raised does not necessarily mean their sole food source was grass. 

Free-range

Free-range pertains to poultry but, in many ways, it is similar to some of the designations used for beef and other meats. This indicates that the fowl was able to roam freely, most likely outdoors, rather than forced to stay in a cage. It is important to note, however, that this may not necessarily mean the bird was able to freely roam its entire existence. We also question the quality of the space: Was it generous? Airy? Well-kept? Various outside certifications mandate that free-range means access to a certain amount of outdoor space. The Humane Society of the US specifics this be at least 1.8 feet per hen that offers the ability to “nest, perch and dust-bathe.”

Cage-free

Another term that pertains to poultry and the welfare of the animal. As the designation suggests, cage-free means hens raised outside of cages. However, it does not mean that they had the ability to freely roam or that they had access to the outdoors.

Non-GMO

This means the meat or poultry comes from animals that were not fed any genetically modified grains or substances (i.e. corn, alfalfa, or soy). To ensure the validity of this claim, look for the Non-GMO Project certification, a small orange butterfly, on the label. This means the producer met the standards mandated by the Non-GMO Project organization, a non-profit that pushes for greater transparency in the food system and the eradication of genetically modified foods.

Deciphering the best option is a matter of choosing what is most important to you, whether that means the treatment of the animals, the quality of the meat, the farming impact on the environment, or all. To ensure a claim is not a vapid statement, it is best to look for third-party certifications and other modifiers like “100-percent” to know the designation accounts for the animal’s entire life after it was weaned. We find the most encompassing options to be certified grass-fed or certified organic. With that said, we all have to continuously fact-check and vet—that is, until the day that the only choice on the market is the healthiest, 100-percent humane and ecological option.

A Food Activist’s Advice for Getting Kids to Eat Better

Getting children to eat more healthily and more mindfully is a complicated art. There are many obstacles. The most obvious is the need to make clean food appealing to kids. The less obvious is the need to educate them about the manipulative marketing behind their favorite ultra-processed snacks, which, according to food activist, author, and nutrition and public policy professor, Marion Nestle, is a huge issue. “The biggest barrier to feeding kids healthfully is food industry marketing to kids,” Nestle tells us. “For little kids, this is designed to get them to ask—pester—their parents to buy the products.  For older kids who have their own money, it’s to get them to think the products are cool.” 

The good news is that this challenge is not a lost cause. As Nestle divulges, it starts with modeling good behavior and empowering kids to think for themselves.

#1: Take a Closer Look

Taking the time to vet a label and go over each ingredient can help children understand what really is in their food. “I vote for teaching kids how to critically evaluate food media,” says Nestle. “Teach them to recognize marketing and how it works—and how to read food labels.”

#2: Be a Cooking Role Model

Kids can learn unparalleled life skills in the kitchen, including how they can be hands-on with their nutrition. As Nestle explains, “parents who cook can model how to do it and how much fun it is. You get to eat the results!  Kids get to get their hands dirty, use knives, and do other fun things.  Gardens help too—even radishes in pots make eating vegetables more fun.” Plus: “Kids who know how to cook will always be able to feed themselves deliciously and healthfully.” 

#3: Advocate

It takes a village. This goes for raising kids and getting them to eat more healthily. Fighting manipulative marketing and the corporate food system will improve the chances of clean food and better education for all. A good way to begin, says Nestle, is to join or support an advocacy organization. “Advocacy begins with clear goals, clear targets (the people who can make change happen), and community support for the goals and methods.”

To learn more about Marion Nestle and her fight against the corporate food system, visit her site, Food Politics. 

10 Games to Play With Your Child in 10 Minutes

On the days when there is no time to have an elaborate tea party or take out all the blankets to make a magical fort, here are ten simple games that will help foster connection with your child - all in under 10 minutes. 

1. Build an Obstacle Course 

Use your furniture to create a series of fun challenges. (You may need to bring in some extra chairs from another room.). Tell your child to climb over, crawl under, do jumping jacks, make funny faces, sing a song, or whatever fun obstacle you can create together. 

Time it! Children love to show adults how fast they are. Timing it really gets them excited and motivated. After the first time, tell them “I think you can do it faster than that!” Encourage them to try it faster and faster. It builds their confidence and shows them how they can measure success based on their own performance and not their peers. 

2. Play Hug Tag

A fun and cuddly spin on the traditional game of tag. Chase your kid around the house trying to hug them. If you catch them, you get to hug and kiss them for ten seconds. My daughter loves this game. 

3. Journal 

This one is great for first grade and above when kids are  starting to read and write. I love the Five Minute Journals for Kids. Set a ten minute timer and spend that time quietly playing soft music and sitting next to each other as you write. It is helpful to give a writing topic, such as everything you are grateful for or what were each of your favorite parts of the day. 

4. Color

Another quiet activity that is great for connection. I love adult coloring books and tombow watercolor markers. My daughter loves them, but I only let her use them when we color together because they can easily stain fabrics. She feels so special when we get to use them together and she loves picking out her color palette. It’s also a wonderful way for her to learn about primary and secondary colors and how colors fit together. 

5. Produce “Pretend TV” 

My daughter has a stencil pad that lights up and one day she turned it into an “iPad.”. She said she was watching Netflix so I joined her and started making over-the-top emotions. She thought it was hysterical. As she pretended to change channels, I would switch up my emotions. Now she asks if I want to watch Netflix on her “iPad” and it is a hilarious ten minute game. 

6. Create a Surprise Bath

I’m not sure how this started but it’s become a regular ask. My daughter will want me to make her a surprise bath. I get out my salts, essential oils, and candles and make her a bath fit for a princess. She will soak in it for quite awhile and I will read her a story. A few times I even picked a rose from outside and sprinkled the petals in her bath. Talk about luxury!

7. Have a Dance Party

This is a great way to change up the mood in the house, especially during quarantine. We take turns picking songs and blasting them through the sound system. It is a great break from work and an impromptu way to create connection with her in the middle of the day. It also stimulates creativity. We come up with some pretty amazing dance moves.

8. Conduct Science Experiments

This is not your typical science experiment but it is a good way to use up expired products. I get out old baking soda, baking powder, anything that has gone rancid, and let my daughter go wild with mixing and stirring. She has a science kit with test tubes, droppers and microscope slides and we have lots of fun making a gooey mess pretending we are discovering new products to help save the world. When I don’t have expired products, we go out in nature and collect dirt, leaves, and grass. The trick to cleanup is to contain this in one tray or the sink.

9. Avoid the “Snake”

This game is another great way to connect while getting out some of your child’s pent up energy. Grab a jump rope or string and tie one end to a chair leg then stand far apart holding the other end. Wiggle it like a snake on the floor and tell your child to run and jump over it. If they touch the rope, it’s a snake bite and you have to tickle them to get the venom out. Make the snake smaller or bigger making them jump higher and longer. It’s another great way to challenge them and allow them to show you their strength.

10. Play Cards

I taught my daughter how to play cards at a very young age. In the beginning it was Go Fish and Old Maid. Now she has progressed to games like Uno, crazy eights, kings and rummy 500. She is quite the card shark. I always tell her I should take her to vegas with her card luck. We can have a quick card game at lunch or after dinner. It’s quick, fun and interactive. 

8 Sources of Hidden Gluten

Because of a prevalence of gluten-containing grains in many conventional foods, as well as a high risk for ingredient cross-contamination, gluten is ubiquitous—and it can sneak up on us in unexpected ways.

By Stacey Lindsay

Gluten: a perpetual concern, an obsessed-over topic, a sneaky substance. Made up of two proteins called glutenins and gliadins, gluten has created an upswell of concern—and for good reason. At least 1 percent of Americans suffer from Celiac disease, a serious immune reaction to consuming gluten. Furthermore, research states that gluten may negatively impact those who don’t have Celiac, often deemed non-celiac gluten sensitivity or gluten intolerance, in the form of bloating, rashes, inflammation, and a well of other issues.

The protein substance, which is present in wheat, barley, and rye, has created a sort of chasm in the food world: There are the foods with gluten and the foods without. But it’s not that simple. Because of a prevalence of gluten-containing grains in many conventional foods, as well as a high risk for ingredient cross-contamination, gluten is ubiquitous. It can sneak up on us, often in unexpected ways, including foods made without gluten-grains, beauty products, and even medications. Unless an item is marked Certified Gluten-Free, a ruling issued by the FDA in 2013, knowing whether or not you’re inadvertently consuming gluten can be a challenge. That is why we rounded up eight of the most common foods and products that unexpectedly have it.

It’s yet another powerful reminder to peel back the layers and investigate all that we put in, on, and around our bodies.

Seasonings

In an ideal world, that taco seasoning pack would only contain chili pepper, garlic powder, red pepper, paprika, cumin, and some salt and pepper. However, chances are that some wheat starch or wheat flour is in the mix. (The same goes for other artificial additives, like anti-caking agents and coloring.) Read the labeling on seasonings, as well as spices and bouillon, to make sure they only contain the spices and salt. Or better yet, create your own blends.

Soy Sauce

Since it’s not explicitly marked (and the name can be a little misleading), soy sauce tends to catch many by surprise. But turn over the label and you’ll see that the main ingredients are soybeans, wheat, salt, and some sort of fermenting agent. Luckily, gluten-free options, as well as healthier coconut aminos and tamari sauce, are widely available and pack the same salty-umami punch. (Also watch out for teriyaki sauce, since one of its made ingredients is soy sauce. Look for teriyaki made with coconut aminos or tamari.)

Condiments

Wheat is ubiquitous in conventional ketchups, mustards, relishes, salsas, and other dressings because it is a cheap and easy way to stabilize and thicken. Thankfully, many manufacturers of condiments, dressings, and sauces are now clearly stating if their product is gluten-free.

Liquor

Beer tends to be the more obvious and avoided glutinous alcohol. But it’s important to remember that many gins, bourbons, vodkas, and whiskeys are essentially distilled from either wheat, barely, or rye and therefore likely contain gluten. Look for libations that are made from potato, corn, or grapes (ideally, organically grown and non-GMO).

Deli Meats

Unless they’re labeled as gluten-free, prepackaged meats, such as turkey, ham, and roast beef, often contain salts, seasonings, and other binders and flavorings that can contain wheat gluten. Ideally, opt for fresh meats that are sustainably raised, grass-fed, and hormone-free.

Personal Care Items

Over the past several years, a growing number of skin care and beauty companies have started to create products that are gluten-free. Others have become more explicit about the fact that they do not use gluten in their formulations, but they still may contain trace amounts of gluten. The reason for this is that forms of wheat, barley, and rye are common additives to face creams, lipsticks, and other products. (Hydrolyzed wheat protein and barley malt extract are two common forms.) The Mayo Clinic states that gluten cannot be absorbed through the skin, but there is still a risk of imbibing the product other ways.

Vitamins and Medications

While it is obvious to focus on the active ingredients of a supplement or medication, it may be less so to consider the inactive ingredients. Various oral tablets and capsules contain excipients, which are inactive ingredients that serve to carry or deliver the active ingredients. Common examples include forms of lubricating salts, glidant silicas, and water-binding starches. The latter are commonly derived from corn, but some manufacturers do use wheat starch. If this is a concern, ask your pharmacists—or dissect the label.

Oats

Oats, or more specifically oatmeal, tends to be confusing. The reason is because oats are naturally free of the gluten proteins found in wheat, rye, and barley, however they can—and most often do—have traces of gluten from cross-contamination. This can happen in the field, as oats are commonly grown in close proximity to wheat and other gluten-containing grains, or in the facility, as oats and other grains are often processed under the same roof. So, it is important to vet your oatmeal to make sure it is certified gluten-free and sourced from a manufacturer that maintains the most rigid of safety approaches in their farming and processing.

If you are looking to be more diligent about ridding gluten, the Celiac Disease Foundation is an excellent resource for further understanding and avoiding the substance, as well as vetting food manufacturers’ safety practices. 

What Shopping at the Farmers Market Really Means

Shopping at the farmers market is not a matter of indulging away an hour wandering through a maze of inconsistent offerings. It is about doing something that is good for you. People who consistently buy their produce, dairy, and other provisions from their local farmers market benefit in three ways: greater nutrition, community connection, and continued learning. And that is just the start. Drawing from my own experience and research, the reasons for heading to the farmers market are wide-ranging, which make the case for turning this trip into a lifetime habit.

Nutrient dense produce. Fruits and vegetables on offer at the farmers market have been picked at peak freshness, often the morning of or day prior, which means they hold a higher concentration of nutrients. The locality of the farmers allows for this, whereas most commercial produce (organic and conventional) is farmed farther away. This calls for produce to be picked days, sometimes weeks, before it ripens to allow for it to be packaged and shipped. Research shows that these methods can cause fruits and vegetables to lose up to half of their nutritional value by the time they get to the grocery store. On the contrary, locally sourced produce has higher vitamin and mineral integrity.

Lower carbon footprint. Because farmers market produce hasn’t traveled thousands of miles to get to you, there is less of an environmental impact from its transport. Also, the farmers and purveyors are more apt to follow mindful sustainable measures in producing their products.

Greater food transparency. It is very likely that the market vendors are people closely involved in the practice, most often the actual farmer. They are passionate about what they do and are often thrilled to share their farming practices. When I meet a new vendor, I like to ask about their methods. Some questions to consider are: 

•  Are they certified organic? If not, do they spray pesticides?

• Is there risk of pesticide contamination from neighboring farms?

• Do they sell what they grow?

• Do they use GMO (genetically modified organism) seeds?

• How are their animals housed and fed? Do they have outdoor pasture?

• If the farm processes their own animals, how do they do it?

Larger food processing operations and commercial farms, even those that are certified organic, can still implement cruel practices for animals or have a high carbon footprint. This gives reason why so many are often cloaked in secrecy, in contrast to smaller local farms that tend to be welcoming to visitors and open to questions. So, talk to your vendors. They love building relationships with customers.

Vibrant flavor. Hands down, farmers market produce tastes better. A fresh tomato from the grocer and a fresh tomato from the farmers market are like two entirely different pieces of produce. The farmers market pick bursts with brightness, sweetness, tanginess, and lots of juice. The grocery store option will have a watery flavor at best. This all goes back to its being picked at peak ripeness and not having to travel so far.

Seasonality and better variety. Head to the grocery store in November and you’re likely to see the same produce that you do in June. Head to the farmers market in November and you’ll find kohlrabi, blue hubbard squash, and cardoons. The grocer’s goal is to stock the most popular and profitable pieces of produce year-round—even if that means getting it from South America. The point is, everything on offer at the farmers market is local and seasonal, which opens up a new world of fruits and vegetables that rarely get real estate in the produce aisle.

As you’ll see, shopping at the farmer’s market is part of a lifestyle shift. A consistent part of my family’s weekly routine, it is a way that we connect with our community and the foods that we eat.

To borrow from Michael Pollan, we have become a nation of “industrial eaters,” expecting to have access to any type of food at all times. This comes at the cost of our health, and it perpetuates the issue of a corrupt food system. By making small shifts in the way that we shop, we can create greater waves of change in our home, on our plates, and throughout the world.

Documentaries and Books that Explore the Way We Eat, the Essence of Cooking, and the Importance of Honoring Our Food

Thirty to 40 percent of the US food supply is wasted every year while millions of Americans face food insecurities. The vast majority of conventional foods are made of genetically modified corn. Industrial agriculture is one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. These facts, as unconscionable as they are, continue to plague so much of our country. They are major faults in our global food system that leave us scratching our heads: What can be done? The answer is found in massive changes in American policies, corporate systems, and habits. Where do we start? With awareness and a deep appreciation for real food, which each of these books and documentaries offers.    

Documentaries

Food Inc.

There are some scenes in Food Inc. that are so simultaneously horrifying and edifying, they’ll leave you a changed consumer. That is the point of this documentary, which continues to inform more than a decade after its release. The facts outlined are vital. For starters, mammoth corporations like Monsanto control far more than the pesticides on conventional crops. They control the foods on display in our grocery stores and how it’s marketed. Filmmaker Robert Kenner unveils the pieces of the corrupt food chain in the US, taking us on a wild, eye-opening ride from the factory farm to the processing plant to our dinner plate. 

The Biggest Little Farm

This encouraging and uplifting documentary explores how a young couple turned a nutrient-depleted plot of land into a thriving regenerative farm. When John Chester and his wife, Molly, spotted the 200 acres outside of LA, they were farming neophytes. Their lack of knowledge did not couple well with the fact that the land had suffered a severe drought and needed intense restoration. Willing to fight the uphill battle, John and Molly learned everything they could, and for eight years straight they worked tirelessly to bring the land to life. They captured nearly every moment of planting, sowing, and watering on video. Today, the land is a fully functioning regenerative farm that focuses on nutrient-rich soil to grow mineral-rich food and healthy farm animals. Their story is a map to get more involved with where our food comes from, and to honor mother nature.

Wasted! The Story of Food Waste.

The late Anthony Bourdain narrates this documentary, lending his civic-minded concern to a topic he most valued: food and its potential to impact people. But instead of telling stories of eating and togetherness, this film focuses on the broken global food system that continues to produce exorbitant amounts of waste—an estimated 80 billion pounds annually in the US—while millions face food insecurity. This is in tandem with the other issues that food waste creates, including greenhouse gases and biodiversity loss. Prominent chefs and activists shed light on their efforts to fix the system, including chef Dan Barber who speaks of using product scraps in dishes. How can you look at your kitchen in a different light? What parts of the vegetable are you tossing out? And how can we demand change from the industry? This insightful film begs all these questions and more.

 Cooked

We’ll read or watch anything by Michael Pollan. The journalist, author, food activist, and professor has a talent for rendering a subject into a poetic lesson. He writes about food, botany, and life in a way that is captivating and educational. He brings this skill to the screen with Cooked, the four-part series that extends from his book of the same name. In each episode, Pollan distills cooking down to four main elements—water, fire, earth, and air—and explores each of their powers to change food. The stories take us across the globe, from India to Australia to the deep woods of North Carolina. Pollan touches on the history and techniques before delving into the profound ways that food brings people together.

Books

Unsavory Truth: How Food Companies Skew the Science of What We Eat

Through rigorous scientific research, Dr. Marion Nestle reveals how the food industry is manipulating nutrition science. She explains how the most heavily marketed foods are ultra-processed, which are huge culprits in both obesity and poor diets. Nestle, who is a revered nutritionist, peels back the layers and unveils a system that is riddled with corruption and scary tactics, and driven by profit. Unsavory Truth arms us with the knowledge we need to start to make clearer eating choices that put our health first.

Salt Fat Acid Heat

Years ago, chef Samrin Nosrat audited Pollan’s food journalism class at UC Berkeley, an education that undoubtedly serviced the making of her book. In Salt Fat Acid Heat, Nosrat writes with a clarity and warmth that pulls you in. Part cookbook, part lifetime guide, this resource serves as a way to better understand the art of cooking and the integrity of pure ingredients. Rather than merely telling you what to do when, Nosrat explains the how, why, and where of food, instilling in the reader an understanding and deep appreciation. Every page is an exploration of layers and concepts, from soaking to roasting to whipping fresh cream. This is a book to keep on hand so you can reference it with trust, much like a dear friend.

Salt Sugar Fat

While we have yet to read this at PrimaFoodie, this book is at the top of our lists. Pulitzer prize-winning journalist Michael Moss unveils the corrupt world of corporate food manufacturers and giant food chains, detailing the cryptic use of marketing to get people hooked on fast, sugary, unhealthy foods. Using his groundbreaking research, Moss is figuring out how to work WITH business to change the food supply for the better. 

The End of Overeating: Taking Control of the Insatiable American Appetite

Revisiting this book by former FDA commissioner, Dr. David Kessler, seems like a good idea right now when COVID-19 is severely impacting those with obesity and related chronic diseases. Kessler is armed with wisdom from working inside of the FDA-food supply apparatus, yet his book remains objective. His main premise is that the public has a right to a transparent food supply chain (knowing what’s in our food and potential related health risks to the ingredients) and that each cog in the supply chain, including all types of restaurants, be required to label the ingredients and calories in the food. Further, he addresses one of the most insidious culprits: food marketing.

The Wahls Protocol

Dr. Terry Wahls once battled such severe progressive multiple sclerosis, she had to succumb to living her life from a reclining wheelchair. Wahls, who had access to the most advanced medicine in existence, tried every treatment to ease her symptoms, but nothing worked. As she faced the possibility of being bedridden, she started looking for alternative answers, starting with her diet. Three months after adopting a combination of a true paleo diet and functional medicine, she started walking with a cane. After six months she could walk unaided. Now, she can walk, bike, and even jog. Her focus is on maximizing nutrients for the brain. Her discoveries have been revolutionary for her and her patients.

How to Make the Most of the Farmers Market

Shopping at your local farmers market is a wonderful way to increase the nutritional value of your food, reduce your environmental impact, and connect with your community. It can also be intimidating if you don’t know where to start. That’s where some planning ahead and strategy go a long way. 

Before You Go:

Plan your meals for the week. This doesn’t have to be thorough. Even mapping out three to five meals (including plans on how to repurpose leftovers) will help you structure your trip and reduce food waste. If this seems intimidating, take a look at my meal planning basics.)

Take stock of what you have. The day before you shop (this is usually Friday for me) take a look in your refrigerator and find creative ways to use up your remaining produce and leftovers. Some of my favorite quick and easy ways to reduce food waste include chopping up leftover veggies for a pizza topping, or baking them into a quiche. 

Make room. Toss any wilted or rotten produce, and any spoiled leftovers from the week. Give your produce bins a quick clean with a 10:1 water and alcohol mixture, or a 1:1 white vinegar and water mixture. (For more information on how to set up and maintain an orderly refrigerator, take a look at my guide.) 

Create a list (and leave room for inspiration). Beginning with a plan helps you use discretion when buying impulse items. This can be a rough idea on a sticky note or a three-tab spreadsheet. Stick to what works for you. Perusing the farmer’s market is a wonderful way to discover new things, so allow yourself room to make one or two unplanned purchases each week. If something is unfamiliar, talk to the farmer or vendor about how to eat it. They are usually happy to share ways to prepare, cook and pair their food.

While You’re There:

Bring a carrying system. I always take a small pushcart. It doesn’t take up too much space and saves my back, neck, and shoulders. If you bring canvas bags, save your heavier items for last, and be sure you make your way through your list before adding your weekly impulses and inspirations. Keep your storage space in mind, as this will help to keep impulse purchases in check.

Walk the market. This way, you can see what the vendors have on offer that week. Stop to look at the produce. Farming can be variable, and crops can be different week to week. Once you’ve seen what is available, make your purchases on your walk back. Our farmers market stretches four street blocks. This process keeps me from getting overwhelmed and making the smartest choices.

Talk to the vendors. Not every farmer and purveyor will be certified organic, and that is okay. There are some non-organic designated farmers who still use organic practices. They may be too small to afford the lengthy and costly certification. For many small or newer farms, this process can be prohibitive. Always ask the vendor (who is often the farmer, a direct source of valuable information) about their practices. 

Enjoy the experience. Approach it with a positive mindset. Plan it as a fun event with yourself, your partner, or your family. (I like to carve out an hour to really enjoy it.) Involve the kids in the process. Often, they enjoy contributing meal ideas for the week or thinking of creative ways to use leftovers.

Remember to always celebrate the small wins. Don't put pressure on yourself to do all your shopping at the farmers market. If you’re new to it, start with buying items for one meal. If you enjoy it, you’ll most likely continue this practice. Food is a pleasure, and your body and mind will appreciate the weekly dose of nutrient rich, local goods. 

With Love,
PrimaFoodie

How to Keep Produce Fresh

I have been on a long mission to reduce food waste in our household. This is to save time and money, and to avoid adding to the gigantic problem that is wasted food in America. 

Research shows that fresh produce is among the top foods that are tossed. It makes sense, as keeping fruits and vegetables fresh can be a surprisingly tough mandate. How many times has a head of crisp lettuce quickly turned into a wilted pile in the fridge? In efforts to reduce this, I’ve created a system that makes it easier to keep fruits and vegetables fresher, longer. 

Refrigerator Storage 

Before jumping in, a quick word on storage: If you do have produce that is wilted and old, discard it before your farmers’ market or grocery run. This will keep bacteria and other compounds from spoiling your fresh produce faster. (You can read more on that in my guide to keeping a clean fridge.) A great way to save wilted produce is to place it in a pot of water with bones to make bone broth. (You can also store it in the freezer in a broth bag for when you’re ready to make broth.) Give the fruit and vegetable shelves and bins a quick wipe-down with vinegar and water. (I keep a small spray bottle of this solution under the sink.) This is all you need in between deeper refrigerator cleanings. 

Lettuce: Wash lettuce as soon as you get home from the farmer’s market. Unroll several feet of paper towel and place it on the counter. Cut off the base of the lettuce head. Put lettuce leaves in a salad spinner and fill with water so they are completely immersed, taking caution not to overcrowd. Use your hands to vigorously agitate the lettuce. If the water turns brown and gritty, dump it out and repeat the process until the water is clean. Once the lettuce is clean, dump out the water and energetically spin it dry. Place the lettuce on the paper towels in a single layer to air dry. Once dry, roll the lettuce in the paper towels and place the wrapped lettuce in a sealed reusable bag (pushing ALL of the air out before sealing) and store in the fridge. This will double—or even triple—the shelf life of your lettuce. It will also be ready to eat, making salad preparation that much easier. This applies to all lettuces except tender greens like arugula and baby spinach, which have a shorter shelf life and should be eaten within a few days of buying them. 

Carrots: If you put carrots directly in your crisper, they’ll be limp by the end of the week. Instead, cut off carrot tops and discard or save for reuse. (I love to put them in a food processor and add to pesto, chimichurri, tabouli salad, or broths.) Submerge carrots in water in a large, flat, high-sided glass container and store in the fridge. If they are too long, you can cut or break them in half. This will generally keep carrots fresh for longer than a month. Change the water every so often to keep it fresh and clear. This method also works well for parsnips and radishes.

Broccoli: Airflow is important to keep broccoli fresh. Before storing in the fridge, you can slice off the end and store stem down in a jar of water, like a broccoli bouquet, or wrap the stem in a damp paper towel. Don’t wash broccoli until you are ready to eat it.

Asparagus, Celery, and Other Cruciferous Vegetables: These can be stored like broccoli in water. Cut an inch off the bottom first. Celery also lasts if stored in a sealed bag. Cauliflower can be stored in a ventilated bag in the fridge, or loose if you don’t have one. Brussels sprouts and cabbage keep in sealed bags in the fridge, ideally in the crisper. 

Squash: Store zucchini and summer squash loose in the crisper. Large winter squash, like pumpkin and butternut squash, are best stored on a countertop or in a pantry.

Potatoes and Onions: These should be stored outside of the fridge in a cool, dry, dark place. 

Mushrooms: Store in a paper bag in the fridge door. Keep the natural dirt on the surface until right before you cook or eat them.

Herbs: Different herbs require different storage techniques. Leafy herbs like basil should be stored upright in a glass of water, like a bouquet of flowers, at room temperature. Tender herbs like parsley and cilantro can also be stored this way. Be sure to change the water every couple of days. Hardier herbs like rosemary and thyme can be wrapped in a damp paper towel and stored in a bag in the fridge. (For long-term storage, put the bag in the freezer.) You can also make herb-olive oil ice cubes: Portion out washed, de-stemmed and chopped herbs into ice-cube trays, fill the trays with olive oil and freeze. 

Berries: Store unwashed berries in the fridge in a paper towel-lined glass container with a lid. Berries last longer, especially soft ones like raspberries, if they are stored in a single layer so a large/wide, low-sided container is best.

Tomatoes: Store this fruit separately at room temperature. Refrigeration will make tomatoes mealy.

Other Fruits: Ethylene-producing fruits, like apples, avocados, and bananas, should be stored separately from other produce. They cause other produce to ripen and decay faster and will cause potatoes to sprout. 

Once you get into a rhythm of honoring what a specific fruit or vegetable needs, keeping them fresh becomes an easy habit. To ensure you eat through all of your food, keep the newest on the bottom or in the back so the oldest is most accessible. And always aim to keep anything in glass over plastic containers. There inevitably may be some foods that end up needing to be tossed,  but taking this in stride, and making even small reductions in waste, can lead to a huge difference. 

Containers

Avoid plastic and invest in glass whenever possible. Plastic is toxic and leaches into food, and it pollutes our earth and ocean. The National Ocean Service estimates that eight million tons of plastic enter the ocean every year. The glass container will last longer than the lid, so I recommend buying from a brand that sells replacement lids, like Pyrex, Anchorage, or Snapware. Lids will last longer if you wash by hand, or don’t use the dry cycle on the dishwasher. 

It’s recommended to keep eggs at the top where the temperature is most consistent and milk on the bottom in the back of the fridge where it is coldest. If something starts to go bad, remove it immediately so it doesn’t contaminate the rest of your food.

The PrimaFoodie Guide to Conscious Small Brands: Coast to Coast Edition

The journey to clean and conscious eating has its challenges. Regions throughout the US still lack access to fresh ingredients. People are strapped for time, desire, or nutrition information. There is also an abundance of misinformation and greenwashing, as countless manufacturers continue to include harmful ingredients while claiming their products to be “natural.” These issues feed the dark truth behind the global food system.

It is because of these reasons, and many others, that we do what we do at PrimaFoodie.  For too long, barriers to clean food have thwarted progress. We want to call out the bad and call in the good—the farmers, educators, and entrepreneurs who are working to provide the world with accessible, honest, nutritious food. You’ll find those pioneers in this roundup of conscious small brands.

Each of these independently owned companies distributes or produces foods that are wholesome and clean, and they do so transparently and fairly. They provide information about their supply chains and work to make their pricing fair and attainable. They also put people over profits. We believe that fairness and equality are as essential as organic and non-GMO.

This guide will be an evolving project. For this first chapter, we’ve included purveyors and makers that ship nationally (or to most of the US). We’ll continue to add to it as we explore new companies.

Like anything, a real shift starts with small steps. The more people support independent brands, the less momentum the corrupt global food conglomerates will have. This all begins with ideas, which grow into conversations and ultimately a global movement.

A Guide to Small Conscious Brands

Meat and Poultry

8 O'Clock Ranch

John and Kassandra Barton have been sustainably raising their animals on their upstate New York Farm for more than twenty years. They started out with sheep, and eventually included cows, pigs, and chickens. Today, they partner with several other local farmers and ranchers to offer humanely raised, grass-fed beef, chicken, and pork, as well as maple syrup and local CSA boxes.

Peads and Barnett

Fresh air. Open, spacious fields. Zero GMO foods. These tenets are paramount in how the founders behind Peads and Barnett raise their pigs. The humanity shows in their fresh organic pork, many that come in cuts that mirror the European, Japanese, and Chinese styles that are hard to find in the states. While their products are primarily found at several LA-area farmers’ markets and specialty foods shops, they do offer some local delivery. It’s worth sending them an email to inquire if they’ll ship to your area.

Seafood

Greensbury

Greensbury has been working with sustainable and organic farmers, fisheries, and ranches across the US since 2007. They corral products based on their strict vetting parameters, which include meats that are only grass-fed, and hormone- antibiotic, and steroid-free, and wild-caught, sustainable seafood. There’s also a section on the online market that offers bone broths and family bundle options.

Wild Alaskan

There are two huge reasons we love Wild Alaskan: Every piece of fish offered on the site is wild and sustainably caught. And two: The site makes shopping easy and transparent. You can choose from various boxes (some all salmon, some whitefish and salmon) according to price. It’s efficient and clear.

WildLocal

Seafood is Ben Hyman’s passion. After spending twenty years on commercial fishing boats and seeing a lack of respect, sustainability, and transparency in the industry, he launched WildLocal. As the name suggests, Hyman focuses on seafood line-caught in the Pacific waters outside his Ventura, California base. You can shop the weekly fisherman’s catch online and have it expressed delivered on ice. (But if you’re in Southern California, it’s worth catching Ben and his team at one of the local farmers’ markets they attend in and around Santa Monica, Santa Barbara, and LA.)

Baked Goods, Chocolates, and Other Sweets

Sweet Laurel

It’s impossible not to fall for everything Sweet Laurel. Their whole-food baked goods have the ability to render the biggest sugar lover speechless with one bite of their organic, grain- dairy- refined sugar-free treats. Co-founder Laurel Gallucci has a talent for whipping together minimal whole food ingredients to make spongy cakes, gooey cookies, crumbly shortbreads, and decadent pies that rival any conventional confections. She and co-founder, Clair Thomas, have brought these recipes to the mainstream with their Pacific Palisades bakery. But if you’re not in Southern California, they divulge their secrets in their cookbook, and offer an assortment of baking mixes, ingredients, teas, and coffees online.

Hopf Chocolate

Founder Andrea Hopf does everything with intention and meticulous care. Her love for pure, raw, organic foods stems from her upbringing in Germany and fuels her line of high quality, vegan chocolates. Each treat contains the purest raw and organic ingredients—creamy cacao butter, plant nectars, quality spices—that makes for treats that are rich and indulgent. (The recipes are also high in natural minerals and contain no refined sugar.) Andrea has extended her line to now include nut butters, vegan cookie dough (a glorified nut butter treat meant to eat straight out of the jar), hot cocoa, and nut milks.

Grains, Nuts, Seeds, Spices, Beans, and Breads

Vision Sprouts

This husband and wife team produces the creamiest organic nut butters we’ve had. The secret is in how they stone grind the sprouted nuts, using no heat to retain the maximum amount of nutrients. (We love their Sprouted Almond Butter over fresh strawberries for dessert.) They also specialize in organic sprouted beans, seeds, and nuts (all of which they ship nationally), as well as organic microgreens that are available for customers in their Southern California region.

One Degree Organic Foods

One Degree is taking transparency to the next level. On every package there is a scannable QR code that links to literature and videos about the ingredients, farmers, and practices that went into making that specific product. All of their cereals, breads, granola, flours, and seeds are non-GMO and organic, as well as free from glyphosate, colorings, and other additives. You can’t shop their goods directly from their site, but Thrive Market and a handful of other online purveyors offer their goods.

Diaspora Co.

Diaspora founder Sana Javeri Kadri sources spices that “are an expression of the land they’re grown on, and the heirloom seed that they’re grown from,” she says. Kadri works directly with single organic farms that deliver the brightest, most potent spices and pay their workers a fair wage. The result is a product that you can feel good about—and one that is unparalleled. Diaspora’s turmeric is bright and zesty, its chilies are complex and deep, and its peppercorns are fruity and layered.

The Philosopher’s Stone Ground

Another maker of incredible small-batch, stone ground nut butters. Full of enzymes, nutrients, and flavor, these butters are creamy and smooth—and they only contain sprouted organic nuts and a handful of other organic, fair-trade ingredients.

Katinka’s Nourishing Kitchen

Katinka is a nutrition expert and yogi who makes nutritionally dense, grain-free clean baked goods. She uses only vegan, low glycemic, gluten-free, non-GMO whole ingredients in her mixes, which she handcrafts in small batches. Her breads are some of the rare gluten-free options that aren’t laden with vapid starches.

Boundbrook Farm

Located in Vergennes, Vermont, Broundbrook Farm specializes in small-batch ecological organic rice farming. They are one of the few farms in the US that mirrors practices borrowed from Japan, in which they use their beloved ducks to help tend to the rice fields to control the pests and weeds. You can order their white and brown rice to be shipped.  

Kandarian Organic Farms

Larry Kandarian is a true steward of soil. A farmer with nearly three decades’ experience, he follows sustainable, organic practices and puts integrity first. This shows in the variety of beans he cultivates on his farm, which we think are the best around. He also produces ancient grains, lentils, seeds, and organic herbs and spices, all of which are available for order online. 

Online Grocers

Imperfect Foods

Imperfect Foods brilliantly offers a solution to major roadblocks in our food system: copious waste and unaffordability. The online marketplace offers a large array of organic fruit, vegetables, meats, poultry, dairy, nuts, and more at about 30 percent below the average grocery story price. The cost savings comes from Imperfect’s model, which sources produce and other foods that are deemed ugly (fruits and vegetables that have been tossed aside because of their dents or imperfections), undervalued, excess inventory, or lacking in demand. You need to still be diligent when shopping here, as not all items are organic and the brands can vary. Imperfect also provides grants to nonprofits that are working to make our food system more inclusive, transparent, and healthy.

Thrive Market

Thrive Market is the result of four founders who were steadfast on offering nutritious, small brand natural products at affordable prices. In 2014, the team launched an e-commerce grocery store that does its due diligence in sourcing products that are organic, non-GMO, and sustainably made. What we love is how easily navigable it is: Items are divided into obvious market sections—food, meat & seafood, apothecary, home, pets, etc.—and also according to dietary and lifestyle needs. The company creates its own line of products, and more recently started offering wine that is free of added sugars, pesticides, GMO yeasts.

Kids and Cooking: Safety Essentials

I love cooking with my daughter. It is a wonderful way to bond, and the experience allows me to teach her important life skills and instill in her a passion for healthy food. 

The kitchen is a place to learn, grow, and build self-esteem. It is also a place filled with possible hazards, considering the sharp knives, hot pans, and other potential harmful tools. That is why  it’s important to alter your cooking habits to keep your children safe from accidents. The following simple guidelines can help to ensure  that  cooking with your children is safe, fun, and rewarding. 

Everything In Its Place

Creating dedicated and separate workstations for you and your children is important. This allows your child the space to work away from sharp objects. Keep the areas clean and organized so you don’t risk knocking something over. Children also feel empowered when they have their own space. I love this toddler tower, or you can use a chair with the chair back against the counter. 

Heat Safety

Heat is one of the most dangerous things for children in the kitchen, and it’s one of the easiest things to safeguard against. Get in the habit of turning pot and pan handles in and away from other burners on your stove so your child can’t accidentally knock them over. Always test handles before grabbing them with an oven mitt or a folded thick towel. When using the oven, never stick your arms inside to remove pans. Always pull the rack out first, then retrieve your dish (unless you have elbow-length oven mitts). Children need to be strong enough to pull out the rack before they can use the oven by themselves; my six-year-old still struggles with this, so she knows to ask for help. If you have a gas oven, open it very slowly after turning on the broil function, as heat can pool and cause flames to erupt when exposed to more air. 

Sharp Matters 

There are several precautions you can take to keep your children safe from  knives. 

Most importantly, keep knives out of reach at all times, even if you are just turning around to grab something. Always set the knife down flat on a cutting board placed at least six inches from the edge of the counter. Even an adult can accidentally knock off a knife if they brush too closely to a counter. Always set a knife down when you’re not using it. Never turn around or gesture while holding a knife. This sets a good example, as kids tend to talk while waving around their utensils. Use two hands to cut, one hand holding the knife and the other holding the food. The hand holding the food should be in a claw position, so fingers don’t end up under the blade. Hands should never rest on the cutting board. 

When washing knives, dry them immediately and put them away. The proper way to hand someone a knife is by the handle with the blade pointing towards you, so they can grab the handle. Keep your knives in top shape by regularly honing them to even out nicks and sharpening them as needed. All knives can be dangerous, but a dull knife even more so because it requires more pressure to cut, which gives you less control over the knife, increasing the chance for it to slip. I am not a melodramatic person, but I do not take unnecessary risks in the kitchen. Making these habits a part of your everyday behavior keeps everyone safe. 

Knife Rules for Children

Allowing children to use knives in the kitchen is a personal decision based on your own comfort level. I believe that if you can provide proper and close supervision, you can teach your children to use knives safely, so don’t immediately dismiss them as irresponsible or not ready. When given the opportunity, kids can learn to do a lot, especially if you are patient.

I began gradually introducing my daughter to knives and knife safety when she was a toddler. She began cutting with a wavy chopper more independently when she was four and graduated to using a kids’ steak knife around five. More recently, at six, she started practicing with a paring knife. Older children can use knives more safely with less supervision, but you need to give them the tools to succeed. I recommend Montessori knives. Start young children with nylon knives, and from there, you can move to a stainless-steel wavy chopper. I actually skipped nylon knives and started with the wavy chopper. There is another wavy chopper with a handle, but I find it to be a little difficult for small children to use because they lack the motor skills and manual dexterity to grasp it. By the time they can properly use it, they are likely ready to use a paring knife with close supervision. 

Every parent knows their child best, but here are some general guidelines for what kids of all ages can do: Very young children around three can use dull knives to slice soft foods like strawberries and spread nut butter onto toast. Around five they can slice harder foods with crinkle-cut knives, and around six they can use a small paring knife to help prepare ingredients. By eight, most children are ready to use a chef’s knife under close supervision, putting them in the running to become your little sous chef.

No matter how old your children are when you start cooking with them, or how far along they are in their kitchen savviness, all children need the same things: to have emotional and physical readiness, be able to follow instructions, and have an interest in learning. When kids really want to do something, they are more likely to focus and to follow safety directions. Have fun with them in the kitchen. Let them choose a delicious recipe they want to eat, pick a time when you aren’t rushed to cook together, and expect imperfection. It’s okay that the cookies are misshapen and different sizes. Your kids will be so proud of their own creations.

With Love,
PrimaFoodie

The Case for Keeping a Clean Fridge

When doing an overhaul of your life, and deciding to eat differently, your refrigerator is a good place to start. A clean and organized fridge eliminates the frustrating clutter of expired food, and reduces the number of decisions you have to make when mealtime comes around. Everything—from produce to meats to homemade sauces—will be fresh, clean, and in their place.  This will be the difference between slamming the door and saying “forget it, let’s order takeout,” and feeling inspired to cook a healthy meal.

There are so many other reasons to keep a tidy refrigerator and freezer, all of which go way beyond my love for an organized space. A streamlined fridge impacts your health, your bank account, and the Earth. It also supports family members with allergies, food sensitivities, or healing diet protocols.  As I unveil below,  a clean fridge is an anchor to a clean and conscious lifestyle.

Reduces Food Waste and Increases Money Savings

Wasted food is one of the biggest problems facing our food supply. According to the FDA, the United States is the global leader in food waste. Nearly 30- to 40-percent of the food supply is not eaten and eventually thrown away. Food is the single largest component taking up space in our landfills. 

Closer to home, not eating everything you purchase is not just bad for the environment, but it’s an expensive habit. High-quality ingredients cost more, and poor meal planning or storage results in throwing money away. In my house, we have a zero-food waste goal, which keeping an organized fridge helps me to achieve. An organized fridge allows you to see everything you have. This means you won’t accidentally buy the same thing twice. It helps with meal planning, making it easier to have a specific purpose for each item, including meals, snacks, and even leftover ideas. I store all homemade sauces, dressings, nut milks, and leftovers in glass containers and label them with expiration dates.

Protects Gut Health

An organized fridge also cuts down on overcrowding, which allows for air to properly circulate around your food, extending its shelf life and keeping it as fresh as possible for longer. Spoiled food can grow both bacteria and mold, which is an airborne fungus with spores. Mold can make you sick—one group of mold is a mycotoxin, which can cause cancer—and can also trigger or intensify other health issues. Bacteria and mold cause the rest of your produce to decay faster, leading to food and money waste. Spoiled food is a culprit in food poisoning. And the introduction of harmful bacteria to your gut creates an imbalance that burdens your digestive system, which is already working  hard to keep you healthy. 

The Clean Fridge: A Step-by-Step Guide

#1. The Clean-Out

The first step to a clean fridge is deep cleaning it, which means removing everything and thoroughly cleaning it inside and out. You don’t need strong chemicals or bleach to do this. Use a 1:1 mix of water and white vinegar, adding ¼ cup of baking soda for every quart of hot water if you need to scrub it. You can also use a natural cleaning product—but remember, food absorbs odors, so it’s best to use unscented products. Many fridges allow you to turn off the open-door indicator, so check your instruction manual before you start and you won’t be annoyed with the beeping. 

Begin by gathering your supplies. You’ll need a cooler bag or ice chest, plastic bags, rubber gloves, cleaning solution, sponges, and microfiber cloths. Take out everything from your fridge and store highly perishable items in a cooler while you clean. Check the expiration dates on all store-bought products, throw out anything expired. Make a note of things expiring soon so you can use them. Remove all shelves and drawers, wash them in the sink with your cleaning solution, rinse thoroughly in hot water, and wipe dry. Don’t forget the refrigerator door seal, which is frequently missed. Repeat this deep cleaning every six months. 

Once you give your fridge a deep clean, it’s easier to keep it clean. Once a week, wipe down the interior, including bins, and the exterior of your fridge. This can be part of your regular housekeeping routine. You can use a 10:1 water and alcohol mixture, or a 1:1 water and white vinegar solution to clean it. If you work through most of your produce weekly, it’s easy to pull out the few things that last longer and quickly wipe each drawer and shelf. 

#2 Categorize 

Take a look at how you like to eat and cook, then designate certain areas or shelves to the most important categories. Leftovers can take one to two shelves. Your family will quickly learn to look here first when they open the fridge. Store produce in the bins. For the most part, vegetables generally last longer in a high-humidity environment where there is little airflow, and fruits do better in low humidity environments with more airflow, so store them in separate bins with the appropriate humidity setting. Keep ethylene-producing fruits (those that continue to ripen after being picked) such as bananas, apples and avocados separate from other food, as ethylene can cause other foods to spoil more quickly. Keep snacks for your children in an easy-to-reach spot. I’m not a huge fan of snacking as an overall rule for anyone, but sometimes we do need a snack. Having a designated refrigerator space for kids is a great way to cut down on negotiations and encourage independence. Treat your fridge like your personal grocery store. When you make or buy a new nut milk or bone broth, put it in the back and move the older ones in the front, which ensures the oldest will be consumed first. Most importantly, keep things visible. When you see food, you’ll eat it. When food is hidden, it can sit in your fridge until it goes bad. 

#3 Acknowledge Food Restrictions and Special Diets

Dealing with food limitations can be difficult for people on restrictive diets. That mental burden can be even heavier when food restrictions cause conflict in families who don’t all want to adhere to the restrictive diet. You can make it as easy as possible for everyone with a few simple processes. First, have a conversation about “tricky foods” with all family members, housekeepers, and nannies. They are more likely to follow the procedures if they understand why they are essential. Next, dedicate a corner of a shelf or a row on a door for a family member with a special diet so they can easily find their food. Finally, label food with something quick and easy to write. We mark our food with removable tape and write an “N” with a circle around it and a line through it, so everyone knows it is not okay for Nichole to eat. When you have houseguests, walk them through your food storage protocol or print out a laminated cheat sheet in a visible location in the kitchen. 

At first, cleaning and maintaining an organization fridge may seem like a mundane task, one that you don’t have time for. But once you make it a habit, opening your refrigerator will no longer bring you frustration—it will be a satisfying moment that offers a well of cooking possibility. 

With Love,
PrimaFoodie

Important Life Skills Kids Learn in the Kitchen

Since she was an infant, my daughter, Dagny, has been watching me cook. I would set the Babybjörn on the kitchen counter, giving her a clear view as I chopped and prepped. I’d hand her vegetables and cups to play with. When she was old enough to stand, I would set up her workstation where she’d “help” me wash produce, sort things, and pull off stems. Sure, it made things take a little longer, but all of this was building her confidence. She felt useful.

Kids learn essential life skills in the kitchen. They see firsthand what whole vegetables look, feel, and taste like. They also understand the energy, intention, and love that is needed to properly care for themselves. It is for these lessons, as well as the following, that time spent learning to cook can embolden children, giving them confidence for the rest of their lives.

 1.) It boosts self-sufficiency.

I resolved early on that my daughter will know how to cook for herself. She can choose to eat out or buy packaged foods, but she will know HOW to cook real food when she chooses to do so. When children have the skills to make their own food, it empowers them to be self-reliant. 

So often, we reach for the easiest thing, even when the more nutritious option requires only a few minutes of preparation. But if we are not accustomed to putting in the work, the task can seem much bigger than it is. The practice of preparing healthy foods becomes easier after spending time in the kitchen. Teaching kids these skills allows them to learn to prepare the healthier options. They start to conjure the images, smells, textures, and flavors of the dishes they crave. It takes time, but it steadily sets them up for success. 

2.) It inspires healthy habits and patience. 

Having the wisdom to cook teaches kids to sit with their desires and cravings before binging on processed treats. They learn to consider what goes into the food rather than quickly stifling an emotion with a packaged snack. Sometimes, we are just bored, thirsty, or dealing with uncomfortable feelings and we seek immediate relief. By having to wait and put in the work to make something, it teaches kids to take a pause. Often that’s all it takes to move through an emotion and move on.

This is also linked to empowerment. Babies and small children show their power through eating—or not eating. This stems from our innate human need for control. Inviting children to take part and invest in the process of making healthy dishes often motivates them to eat better. When a child feels that something is their idea, they are more likely to support it all the way through. This significantly reduces resistance at the dining table, something every parent can appreciate. 

3.) It builds reading comprehension and problem solving.

Oftentimes, I’ll have Dagny look through my cookbooks and pick something out to make. Learning to cook provides an effective way for children to build their reading and math skills. Cookbook material is fun and inspiring. It’s often technical and involves words that aren’t often used in everyday conversation, which helps to broaden children’s vocabulary.

 4.) It increases safety.

Kids learn by watching. I started showing Dagny the importance of taking care around sharp knives (saying “ouch!” as I pointed to the blade), hot stoves, and pan handles (sucking in my breath as I pointed to the flame). Rather than telling kids what not to do, this approach teaches children what they need to do to stay safe. Just like looking both ways before crossing the street, they’ll know to place a knife away from the counter’s edge to avoid accidentally bumping into it and knocking it on the floor (and onto their foot). Ultimately, grown-ups are responsible for their children’s safety. I never take this for granted. I do believe, however, that these moments in the kitchen teach children basic safety skills.

 5.) It encourages smart judgement.

When children know how fresh cilantro smells, and what brussels sprouts on the stalk look like, they will naturally make wiser decisions when it comes to ingredients. They develop a better appreciation for real foods. For instance, if your little one knows the basic ingredients in chicken soup, they’ll be more apt to question why there are twenty-five convoluted ingredients in Campbell’s Chicken Noodle Soup. What is soy protein isolate for? What IS “flavoring?” This is not to say that children still won’t reach for the brownies and cakes. We all do. But they’ll be keen to follow a diet with more whole fruits and vegetables and few processed items.

 6.) It creates memories and honors traditions.

Cooking is how my late mother-on-law showed her son that she loved him. They often light-heartedly argued in the kitchen because of their competitive nature. Regardless, he appreciated those moments. As we chop and measure with children, we bond. We also create memories, as these multi-sensory experiences stay with us. The song playing in the background. The scent of fresh rosemary. The rainbow of colors on the cutting board. All of these tangible things create memories from which children learn and grow.

My hope is that you can create a space with your children, or perhaps your nieces and nephews and the children in your life, for cooking, for being that mentor and creating special memories while helping kids build life skills.

Love,
PrimaFoodie

Honoring the Modest Moments

Reaching our goals is no easy feat. To create any change requires consistency, gumption, and ultimately belief in ourselves. But so often, we focus too much on the end game rather than the success along the way. It is there, in the process, where the greatness exists. That's why at PrimaFoodie we want to celebrate those small wins. They may seem more limited in size, but they add up to remarkable things. We want to be so many things.

By Stacey Lindsay

We want to be successful. Accomplished. Present. Innovative. And—perhaps most of all—we want to be finishers. That is, we want to "crush" the lofty high goals that we set for ourselves. We want to reach the end game so we can move on to the next thing.

The word "crush" has taken a front-row seat in our modern lexicon (along with "kill"). To "crush it" today means to exceed the goals we've made for ourselves in an exclamatory way. While accomplishing something is positive, there’s an underlying stressful connotation to this saying: Everything we do or want to do seems to be laced with an all-or-nothing mentality: We crush it or we don't. We kill it or we fail. 

This rigid expectational mindset is everywhere. There's a shared impulse to overachieve, which stems from an unremitting way of life that has blossomed in America. We leave no wiggle room, be it in how we parent, how we move forward in our careers, or how we take care of ourselves. It's all or nothing. Couple this with the fact that every facet of our lives now seems to be an opportunity to multi-task or commodify. If we aren't spending every minute working to get smarter, healthier, fitter, richer, or better then what are we doing?

One thing we're doing is hurting ourselves. When we give more credence to the things we don’t accomplish, we actually feed into a greater cycle of failing. Research over the past decade has shown that when we don't work to control our self-criticism it can negatively impact our progress in meeting our goals. (Separate research links self-criticism to depression.)

What this all-or-nothing approach also does is keep us from missing out on the deep enjoyment that comes from the things in-between the idea and the goal. Instead of looking at the end game, if we take pause and look at the smaller wins—be it one less cup of coffee or taking the stairs instead of the elevator—we're more likely to continue moving forward on that path. Jenny O'Dell perfectly captures this in her book, How to Do Nothing. She writes that "patterns of attention—what we choose to notice and what we do not—are how we render reality for ourselves, and thus have a direct bearing on what we feel is possible at any given time." There is a "revolutionary potential" to taking back our attention, O'Dell continues. We can find pleasure, satisfaction, and encouragement from the wins that we've so long been overlooking.

Because it is in these nuances that the joy lives. These smaller wins, the moments that build to the next, count for way more than we give them credit. I believe we need to give them more credence. We need to learn to be more compassionate and generous with ourselves—which research touts as a way to promote self-growth and accomplishment. Instead of giving in to self-loathing over not completing a new at-home workout routine, why not focus on the fact that you signed up for it in the first place? That’s a win. Or rather than dwelling on the fact that you ate the entire chocolate bar, why not pay attention to the dried herbs you swapped out for fresh cilantro in your dinner? These things may seem meager but, in fact, they're huge. Small shifts add up to great things. It's simply up to us to see that.

We are living in uncertain times. Each of our situations is different but our collective front against a health epidemic is the same. We need to—more than ever—be good to ourselves and lean into the modest moments. After all, it is these small wins that lead to great things.

It is these small wins that make us human.

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Stacey Lindsay is part of the PrimaFoodie team. A longtime journalist, she was formerly the articles editor at goop. Throughout her career she has covered the topics of women’s issues, philanthropy, veterans' rights, climate change, civic engagement, and financial health for various print, digital, and TV outlets.